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Open Source Software (OSS)

Open Source Software (OSS). Group 7 I Gusti Made Aditya Henry He Daniel Vogler Trisha Moon. Do you recognize either of these people?. D. D. Do you recognize any of these people?. D. D. Content. Overview History & background OSS Vs. PSS (Proprietary Software System)

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Open Source Software (OSS)

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  1. Open Source Software (OSS) Group 7 I Gusti Made Aditya Henry He Daniel Vogler Trisha Moon

  2. Do you recognize either of these people? D

  3. D

  4. Do you recognize any of these people? D

  5. D

  6. Content • Overview • History & background • OSS Vs. PSS (Proprietary Software System) • Software vendor strategy • Case study • Conclusion D

  7. Content • Overview • History & background • OSS Vs. PSS (Proprietary Software System) • Software vendor strategy • Case study • Conclusion D

  8. News of OSS 1 • “Google plans to hire programmers to improve OpenOffice.org…” • “Google has shown an affinity for open-source software, which are…for free.” • “The company uses the Linux operating system for its mainstay search…” D

  9. Pros of OSS 2 • A good way for businesses to achieve a greater penetration of the market • Potential for flexible technology and quicker innovation • More reliable because it typically has thousands of editors • FREE!!!!!!!!! D

  10. Cons of OSS 2 • Critiques complain of inability to produce quality • Difficult to design a commercially sound business model • Hackers could know more about weaknesses or loopholes in the software D

  11. Content • Overview • History & background • OSS Vs. PSS (Proprietary Software System) • Software vendor strategy • Case study • Conclusion A

  12. Open Source Definition 3 To be considered as Open Source, software must meet the followings: 1. Free Redistribution: you have the liberty either to sell or freely redistribute. 2. Source Code: Source code must be included in package or can be downloaded freely. 3. Derived Works: Modification of the source code must be allowed. 4. Integrity of The Author's Source Code: Differentiation must be made between derivative and original works, e.g.: modifier name identification and file/patch separation. 5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups: Everyone can use it. 6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor: No restriction on where program can be used. Commercial user can use it too. 7. Distribution of License: The license is automatically distributed along with the software. 8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product: The license cannot be replaced by license from its enclosing software distribution/package. 9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software: It cannot restrict other software in its enclosed distribution to be open source too. 10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral: License contract establishment must not depend on certain technology. A

  13. History of Open Source (1) • Early 80’s: Richard Stallman can no longer modify system software in MIT’s AI lab. • 1983: Richard Stallman launched The GNU Project (open source system) • 1985: He founded Free Software Foundation • 1991: LinusTorvalds created Linux  The last piece of The GNU Project • 1997: Eric Raymond published the “Cathedral & The Bazaar”. It compares Proprietary with Open Source Software A

  14. History of Open Source (2) • In 1998: • Netscape executive read the book -> they went open source and rename it to Mozilla Firefox • “Open Source” term invented to avoid the ambiguity of “free software” (liberty vs price) • Open Source Initiative was founded A

  15. Major Open Source Software Linux OpenOffice.org MySQL Firefox PHP Apache Non Server Side Server Side A

  16. LAMP Stack 4 • LAMP is a cross platform web server. • Deployed by big company, ex: O’Reilly Network, Amazon.com, Google Inc. www.montpelieropensource.com/i/lamp.png, viewed 11/23/2008 A

  17. Linux (1) 5 6 • Unix like Operating System • Linux kernel created by LinusTorvald in 1991. • Wide range hardware deployment: embedded device to supercomputer. • Linux bundled with other open source software into Linux Distribution (Distro), ex: Redhat, Debian, Ubuntu, etc. • More: stable & secure. Less: virus, maintenance cost, CPU power. No forced upgrade.6 A

  18. Linux (2): Marketshare 7 8 • IDC's report for Q2 2008 holds 13.4% overall server market. • Top500.org reports that for 2008, 87% of Top 500 fastest supercomputers are using Linux. A

  19. Linux (3): Non Diffusion of MINIX 9 • MINIX: developed by Prof. Andrew S. Tannembaum, demonstrate to his students how OS works. • 1992: Debate in comp.os.minix newsgroup titled: “Linux is obsolete” • Micro kernel -> modern architecture • MINIX unavailable for users at that time, Linux was -> MINIX was not adopted. Microkernel Vs. Monolithic A

  20. Apache 10 11 • Opensourcewebserver like Internet Information System (IIS) • More stable, less critical problem than IIS. • Most popular, 46.26 % marketshare (Oct 2008, Netcraft survey) A

  21. MySQL 12 • Open source database, like Oracle & SQL Server • Owned by MySQL AB. Acquired by Sun Microsystem on Jan 16th 2008. • Used by: Facebook, Wikipedia, Flickr, Youtube, Yahoo!, Alcatel-Lucent, Google, Nokia, and ZapOSS.com • 25% market share of Database Usage. A

  22. PHP 13 • Scripting language for web • Competitor: ASP .Net • Used more than 20 million websites and 1 million web servers • Used by Facebook, Wikipedia, Yahoo!, My Yearbook, and Tagged. A

  23. OpenOffice.org 29 • Office suite (like Ms Office) • Can read Ms Office format, except Office 2007 format . • Cross platform, more secure. • Originate from commercial StarOffice. Sun acquired it and release its source code in July 2000. • Market share: 15-20% with StarOffice (2004), 98 million downloads. • Used by: Singapore’s Ministry of Defense, Bristol City Council, French Gendarmerie, Supreme Court of India, the Allahabad High Court. A

  24. Mozilla FireFox (1) 14 • Open source Award winning web browser. • Competitors: IE, Safari, Opera. • Installed in almost all UMSL computers. • Compared to IE: More secure, stable, and fast. A

  25. Mozilla Firefox (2): Market Share 15 16 • 19% usage share, and 2nd to Internet Explorer http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=1&qptimeframe=M&qpsp=94&qpnp=24&qpdt=1&qpct=4, viewed 11/23/2008 A

  26. Content • Overview • History & background • OSS Vs. PSS (Proprietary Software System) • Software vendor strategy • Case study • Conclusion H

  27. Project management and development model • Commercialization and economy • End-user support • Innovation • Integration and overall “feel” • Secure and reliable • OSS adoption in government OSS Vs. PSS (Proprietary Software System) H

  28. Collaboration and Project management 17 “Run by teams or structured groups, with workload, agendas, intended results, and deadlines, centrally agreed, and use paid developers to achieve these goals as required” . “The work to deadlines, the date at which (for corporate, market or investor purposes) a new product or update must be released, or a new feature made available” H

  29. Development model 18 • Benefit considerably from a “users as innovators” organization, and attract numerous heterogeneous developers. • Regularly delivered to users through the release of successive versions with new functionalities, correct bugs and minor improvements. • Numerous (very) skilled workers which prefer open organizational cultures contribute for free since OSS community makes no profit. H

  30. Open-Source Governance Models 19 H

  31. Commercialization17 Involve the use of constraints and the restriction of access to the original source code. An end-user is not actually purchasing software, but purchasing the right to use the software. Don't limit the use of software . The revenue model is based mainly on support services. H

  32. Economy of OSS 20 • Providing support and installation services similar to IT Security groups, Linux Distributions, and Systems companies. • Using the software as a stepping stone to sell a higher-end product or service (e.g. Staroffice) • Cost avoidance / cost sharing: many developers need a product, so it makes sense to share development costs. H

  33. End-user support17 Typically provides a "one-stop shop" for all support matters simply because nobody else has the requisite access to the source code. With access to the source code, it is often said that the bugs may be fixed faster with more eyes looking for them. H

  34. Innovation17 Some of OSS seem more derivative than innovative. However, most of them have been majorly or even completely rewritten (e.g. Mozilla) without much of the original code. H

  35. Integration and overall "feel"17 Seamless. “Every bit of the system was produced by one company, so naturally the parts work together well.” All the different OSS groups have a strong interest that their projects work well together. They achieve this with a fondness for open interoperability standards. H

  36. Secure and reliable 17 “With any given piece of software, it's much easier for a black hat to find and exploit security holes in any given piece of software when he has the source code than without it.” “The availability of open source code leads to faster discovery of security issues, and faster resolution of these issues.” H

  37. Secure and reliable 21 • Hiding the source code for a system does not provide any additional security. • OSS community can respond rapidly by patching the system, and sharing the patch with the public. • PSS users are completely dependent upon the vendor’s ability to discover and distribute fixes. • Windows XP and Red Hat Linux would be estimated to have approximately more than 30,000 undiscovered defects respectively even if 99% of them are remedied. H

  38. Secure and reliable conclusion 21 • Neither is inherently more secure or reliable than the other. • Both OSS and PSS require frequent patching to remedy defects. Any system that requires frequent patching is inherently insecure. H

  39. OSS in government environments22 • Interoperability • To provide efficient and reliable services across departmental and national boundaries. • Avoid Vendor lock-in • To turn to open standard to alleviate the problem of vendor lock-in. • Flexibility • Help governments make more informed decisions faster to cater for the unpredictable emergencies. H

  40. OSS adoption in government22 • Australia • Brazil • Denmark • Germany • Malaysia • Philippines • South Africa • Sweden • United States H

  41. Content • Overview • History & background • OSS Vs. PSS (Proprietary Software System) • Software vendor strategy • Case study • Conclusion H

  42. Why should proprietary vendors be concerned? • Microsoft ordered to pay $1.5 billion in lawsuit on MP3 patent lawsuit. • Revenue generated by open source hardware, software and services in now in the billions of dollars.2 T

  43. Microsoft’s response to open source 23 • 11-02-2006: Microsoft Linux! • “Microsoft has spent ten years bashing the free-of-charge open-source Linux operating system and trying to kill it. Now Microsoft is making nice.”1 • Website created by Microsoft, dedicated to open source. • http://www.microsoft.com/opensource/ T

  44. IBM’s response to open source 24 • “IBM was among the earliest of the major computer companies to embrace open-source software and was probably the first to realize that doing so could be consistent with our business goals.”2 • Open Source Steering Committee (OSSC) • “Internal board, oversees open-source activities and reviews all planned external uses of open source” • August 5th, 2008 – “Microsoft-free” PC T

  45. Content • Overview • History & background • OSS Vs. PSS (Proprietary Software System) • Software vendor strategy • Case study • Conclusion D

  46. Open Source Survey Survey completed by over 107 UMSL Students 92 Graduate and 37 Undergraduate Students. 35% of Undergraduate had never heard of open source software. 23% of Graduate students had never heard of open source software. D

  47. OSS Popularity N=131 for Java, PHP, Wikipedia, Unix, Open Office, Eclipse, Apache, MySQL, and other N=115 for Sun Microsystems N=107 for Mozilla Firefox and Linux D

  48. OSS at Work N=122 for ‘current OS use’ N=125 for ‘willing to use OS at work’ N=85 respondents that indicated that they currently do not use OS at work; original N=122 D

  49. Reason to Switch to Open Source N=124 D

  50. Conclusion From Survey • Wikipedia is the most popular open source software on campus. • Only 29.51% use open source software at work. • 63.8% of people who do not use open source software at work are willing to. • The most popular reason why a company would use open source software would be to save money. D

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