Final E xam Review

1. Final Exam Review Regents Earth Science Ms. Moynihan 6/1/15

2. How many stations do you need seismographic data from to locate the epicenter of an earthquake? Bell Work

3. Every Tuesday & Thursday after school A173 w/ Ms. Moynihan A347 w/ Mrs. Dooher 3 PM – 3:55 PM Starting Tues. May 26th – June 11th ES Regents Exam Prep

4. Part D Lab Practical • Thursday & Friday, June 11th & 12th In Class Earth Science Written Exam Parts A,B,C • Friday, June 19th 8:30 AM EXAM SCHEDULE

5. 3 Lab Stations: • Identify 2 rocks as igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic. Identify 4 characteristics of a mineral sample. (7 points) • Identify the location of an epicenter, using ESRT page 11. (4 points) • Draw an elliptical orbit, calculate its eccentricity. Compare its eccentricity to that of a planet. (4 points) ES Regents Exam – Part DLab Practical

6. Igneous - Contains crystals – gas pockets/vesicular - glassy • Sedimentary • Contains fossils -conglomerate • Contains pebbles/visible fragments • Metamorphic - banding/layering of minerals - metal-like reflective crystals Rock Identification

7. P wave arrival time: __________ • S wave arrival time: __________ • Difference in arrival time: _____ min ____ sec Use ESRT page 11 • Distance to the epicenter ________ km Draw the circle for _____ km For station Z, using the compass. • Place an “X” where the Epicenter is located. Locating an Epicenter

8. Take Supplies: • 1 board, Styrofoam side DOWN • 2 push pins • Metric Ruler • Pencil (if you don’t have one) • String • Calculator (if you don’t have one) Constructing an Ellipse

9. Foci X X Elliptical Orbit foci Major Axis

10. Fossils that can identify specific geological bedrock layers. Index Fossils are: • Widespread • Abundant • Live in a short period of time Index Fossil

11. Index Fossil

12. Rock like structures formed from the remains of cyanobacteria and precipitation of minerals. Stromatolites

13. Strata – A horizontal layer of material, especially one of several parallel layers arranged one on top of another. • A bed or layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout. Strata

14. . Strata

15. . Strata

16. This principle states that layers of sediment are originally deposited horizontally under the action of gravity. • The principle is important to the analysis of folded and tilted strata. Principle of Original Horizontality

17. Sedimentary layers are deposited in a time sequence, with the oldest on the bottom and the youngest on the top. Law of Superposition

18. A geological fold occurs when one or a stack of originally flat surfaces are bent or curved as a result of permanent deformation due to stress or pressure. Folded Strata

19. Folded Strata

20. Folded Strata

21. Tilting (and folding) of strata is the result of tectonic movement - most commonly caused by forces related to mountain building. Tilted Strata

22. Tilted Strata

23. Tilted Strata

24. a radiometric dating method that uses (14C) to determine the age of carbonaceous materials. • One of the frequent uses of the technique is to date organic remains from archaeological sites up to about 60,000 years ago. • Plants fix atmospheric carbon during photosynthesis, so the level of 14C in plants and animals when they die approximately equals the level of14C in the atmosphere at that time. Radiocarbon Dating

25. However, it decreases thereafter from radioactive decay, allowing the date of death or fixation to be estimated. Radiocarbon Dating

26. Half Life - is the amount of time required for a quantity to fall to half its value as measured at the beginning of the time period. Most often used within the context of nuclear physics. It is the time required for half of the unstable, radioactive atoms in a sample to undergo radioactive decay. Half Life

27. Uranium-238, the most prevalent isotope in uranium ore, has a half-life of about 4.5 billion years; That is, half the atoms in any sample will decay in that amount of time. Half Life

28. Sample Problem: • Given the ½ life of 14carbon, how much of a 100g sample would be converted to 14N: • After 11,400 years? • After 17,100 years? Half Life

29. Used to demonstrate that the Earth “spins” or rotates about its axis once every 24 hours! http://www.calacademy.org/products/pendulum/page2.htm Foucault Pendulum

30. Complete any missing labs • Geological History of NY State • Review for Regents Exam - Study Note sheets - Do practice problems 4) Complete Any Extra Credit Assignments Work time

31. Regents Earth Science Exam Review Ms. Moynihan

32. Draw the cross section of the stream bottom at X-Y. X Y Bell Work Stream surface X Y

33. Parts A,B,C • Friday, June 19th 8:30 AM • Check schedule for your Room # _______ • Bring 2 # 2 pencils • Bring a calculator • NO CELL PHONES ALLOWED! Earth Science Written Exam

34. Tuesday,– Mr. Lanik , Room M225 • Wednesday,– Mrs. Dooher , Room A347 • Thursday,– Ms. Moynihan , Room A174 Review Classes

35. B Bell WorkWhere is the wind the strongest? A C

36. 3.5 b.y.a. First evidence of life on Earth 4.5 b.y.a. Age of the Earth-Big Bang Theory 13.2 b.y.a. Age of the Milky Way Galaxy 13.7 b.y.a. Approximate age of the Universe Geological Time Line

37. The conditions in a system in which everything is balance. “Uniform in every direction” – something that doesn’t change with the conditions Equilibrium

38. A buried eroded surface separating 2 rock masses of different ages. • A break in the sedimentary geological record. Sedimentary Unconformity Crystalline rock

39. Raised up, as in mountain building. Uplift

41. The Earth revolves around the sun once every 365 days The Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours (it rotates 360o/24 hrs.=15oper hour) The Moon revolves around the Earth once every 29 days The moon rotates on its axis once every 27-29 days The sun & stars DO NOTmove in an orbit, BUT the universe is expanding (red shift). Constellations change w/the season b/c the Earth is revolving around the sun Solar System Numbers

42. Al stars form from collapsing clouds interstellar gas and dust. Life Cycle of a Star

43. The constellation Ursa Minor contains the group of stars called the Little Dipper. The most famous star in Ursa Minor is Polaris, the North Star. This is the star that is nearest to the North Celestial Pole. If you stood at the north pole, Polaris would be almost directly overhead – if you see URSA Minor you can always tell which way is north. YOU CAN SEE URSA MINOR in EVERY SEASON of THE YEAR IN THE Northern Hemisphere. Ursa Minor

44. FUSION Happens at the surface of the sun and all stars!

45. Note: Sun is to the Right! SUN What the moon looks like from Earth! Waxing Crescent Waxing Gibbous First Quarter New Moon Full Moon New Moon Earth Waning Crescent Last Quarter Waning Gibbous What the moon looks like from outer space

46. Lunar Eclipse

47. Solar eclipse

48. . In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis Effect causes winds and ocean currents to veer off to the RIGHT. Coriolis Effect

50. Electromagnetic Spectrum • The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation • Travels in Waves • Cosmic microwave radiation is about 3o Kelvin