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Co-ordination

Co-ordination. Electrical messenger Chemical messenger. Nervous System. Neuron. dendron. cytoplasm. nucleus. cell membrane. direction of nerve impulses. axon. nucleus of cell which makes the myelin sheath. Nerve fiber. Myelin Sheath. Protection of nerve fiber

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Co-ordination

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  1. Co-ordination Electrical messenger Chemical messenger

  2. Nervous System

  3. Neuron

  4. dendron cytoplasm nucleus cell membrane direction of nerve impulses axon nucleus of cell which makes the myelin sheath

  5. Nerve fiber

  6. Myelin Sheath Protection of nerve fiber Speed up impulse transfer

  7. - - + + + Rest Potential • More + ion outside the nerone • Na K pump • K channel • Big - ions

  8. Action potential

  9. Action potential mechanism • Depolarization • Stimulus to threshold • Na channel open • Inside nerone turn +ve. • Repolarization • Potential rise inside nerone to max • Na channel close • More k channel open so hyperpolarised • Rest potential established by na k pump.

  10. Na open Refractory period K open Na close

  11. synapse • ending of axon secretes a chemical which diffuses into synapse and stimulates the next neurone to pass on the impulse • the chemical is unstable and will be destroyed later

  12. Synapse

  13. Synapse mechanism Go

  14. SynapticCleft Neurotransmitter in vesicle release to cleft. It diffuse to another side and attach on surface receptor. Enzyme next to receptor break down. Transmitter

  15. Brain

  16. dorsal root ganglion sensory neurone receptor (pain) dorsal root (sensory nerve) association neurone effector(muscle) spinal cord motor neurone ventral root (motor nerve) Reflex arc :sensory,association,motor neurones

  17. white matter grey matter spinal nerve central canal spinal cord

  18. cranial nerve spinal nerve Peripheral Nervous System • consist of cranial nerves and spinal nerves • these nerves leave CNS and run out to every part of the body

  19. Spinal Cell

  20. Endocrine System Hormone concept Steroid concept Endocrine organs

  21. Hormone concept Hormone is chemical messenger. It required a fitted receptor. Hormone attaching to receptor calls response.

  22. Hormone concept 2 Hormone required blood vessel to transport to whole body.

  23. Water soluble hormone Water soluble hormone only attach to membrane receptor.

  24. Fat soluble hormone (steroid) Steroid can penetrate cell membrane and bind to internal receptor.

  25. Example of steroids

  26. Feedback mechanism Negative feedback reduce hormone production when effect of hormone expressed

  27. Endocrine and Exocrine Blood vessel Secretary duct

  28. Endocrine organs

  29. Adrenal gland Adrenalin

  30. Photo of adrenal gland

  31. Pancreas Islet of langerhans

  32. Thyroid gland

  33. Pituitary gland

  34. Control of endocrine system Hormone control hormone Nerve control hormone

  35. Posterior Anterior Anterior and Posterior Pituitary gland

  36. Photo of pituitary gland

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