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SEPERATION BY DISTILLATION

uses of distillation method of sepertaion

dhakshesh
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SEPERATION BY DISTILLATION

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  2. Distillation is a physical separation based on the vaporization of the different components of the mixture to be separated.

  3. a mixture is heated, vapors are produced, separated, and then condensed back into a liquid. As a result, each component can be separately recuperated in different fractions.

  4. Distillation is preferable where both solid and liquid have to be extracted from the solution. Also known as simple distillation, it is based on the differences noticed in the volatility and corresponding vapour pressures observed in the components of a mixture.

  5. Process of Distillation *A homogeneous mixture containing a solid and liquid are heated together in a closed distillation flask. *The liquid escapes forming vapours since they are volatile. *These vapours are cooled by passing them through the condenser. *Pure liquid is obtained on condensation in the vessel taken. *The non-volatile solid is left as a residue.

  6. Equipment needed for Distillation The process of distillation basically uses the following apparatus: Still: A vaporising chamber is used to place the material which is to be distilled. It is heated in order to provide vaporisation of the volatile constituents. It is also attached to a condenser and a trap is fixed in between. Condenser: It is used to condense the vapour. It is kept cold by circulating water/air through the jacket. Condensers are available as single surface condensers, multi-surface condensers. Receiver: It is used to collect the distillate.

  7. Fractional Distillation Fractional Distillation is used to separate miscible liquids that are volatile in nature. The boiling points of these liquids are close enough. The fractionating column apparatus is used to simulate the separation. Also known as rectification, since the vapour is condensed partially and returned as a liquid. It is basically a process where the vaporisation of a liquid mixture gives rise to a mixture of constituents, followed by the extraction of the required component in its pure form.

  8. Applications of distillation Purification of organic solvents-absolute alcohol (100%). Separation of non-volatile substances from volatile ones. Purification of drugs manufactured using the chemical process. Refining of petroleum products- Petroleum ether 60,80. Recovery of solvents- synthesis. Remove salt from water to prepare drinking water. Methanol or ethanol from water The concentration of oils and beverages in the food industry.

  9. THE END

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