Food Group Guidelines

1. Food Group Guidelines • Constantly changing and improving to help the consumer to eat healthier. • Gives recommendations for serving sizes within food groups.

3. Making Good Food Choices • The US federal government created a food pyramid which is a guide to healthy living. • It gives recommendations for: • Eating healthy • Regular exercise

4. My Pyramid

5. MyPlate is part of an inititative to help consumers make better food choices. MyPlate is designed to remind Americans to eat healthfully; it is not intended to change consumer behavior alone. MyPlate illustrates the five food groups using a familiar mealtime visual, a place setting.

7. The Anatomy of a Grain Endosperm – Composed mostly of Carbohydrates and some protein. What is left when the grain is refined. Germ – Contains the future plant. The main nutrients are Thiamin, Riboflavin, and Niacin (B-vitamins) Bran – The outer layer. It contains B-vitamins, Iron, Protein, and Fiber

8. Key Consumer Message: Make at least half your grains whole!! • Any food made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley or another cereal grain. Examples include breads, pasta, tortillas, oatmeal, grits and breakfast cereals. • Divided into 2 subgroups • Whole grains contain the entire grain kernel (bran, germ and endosperm) Examples: whole-wheat flour, bulgur (cracked wheat), oatmeal, whole cornmeal, brown rice • Refined grains have been milled, a process that removes the bran and germ. This is done to give grains a finer texture and improve their shelf life, but it also removes dietary fiber, iron, and many B vitamins (nutrient content is reduced by 25-90%) Examples: white flour, degermed cornmeal, white bread, white rice • Whole Grain consumption is associated with reduced risk of some chronic diseases (such as bowel disorders, cancer, strokes, heart disease, high cholesterol, Diabetes 2)

9. Servings recommended per day (14-18 year olds): Girls - 6 oz total / 3 oz whole Boys – 8 oz total / 4 oz whole Main Nutrients from “group”:Important sources of many nutrients, including: Dietary Fiber –important for bowel function, helps reduce constipation, provides a feeling of fullness, and whole grains in particular may help reduce blood cholesterol levels and may lower risk of heart disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes Several B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate - helps the body form red blood cells.) - they help the body release energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates. B vitamins are also essential for a healthy nervous system. Minerals (Iron -Iron is used to carry oxygen in the blood. Many teenage girls and women in their childbearing years have iron-deficiency anemia. They should eat foods high in heme-iron (meats) or eat other iron containing foods along with foods rich in vitamin C, which can improve absorption of non-heme iron. Magnesium-a mineral used in building bones and releasing energy from muscles. Seleniumprotects cells from oxidation. It is also important for a healthy immune system. Serving Size Examples: (copy at least 3) In general these are considered to be 1 ounce (oz) servings: *1 slice of bread *1 cup of ready-to-eat cereal *1 cup of cooked rice, cooked pasta, or cooked cereal *1 “mini” bagel *5-7 crackers *1 pancake *1 small tortilla (6” in diameter)

10. Key Consumer Message: Focus on fruits!! Make half your plate fruit and veggies Any fruit or 100% fruit juice counts as part of the Fruit Group. Fruits may be fresh, canned*, frozen, or dried, and may be whole, cut-up, or pureed. *When choosing canned fruit, be sure to choose fruit that is in “fruit juice” and NOT in syrup. 1 cup = 1 cup of fruit or 100% fruit juice 1/2 cup of dried fruit Serving Size Examples (copy at least 3): 1 small apple, 1 large banana, 32 grapes, 1 large orange, 1 large peach, 1 medium pear, 3 medium plums, 8 large strawberries, 1 small wedge watermelon, 1/2 cup dried fruit, 1 cup 100% fruit juice

11. Servings recommended per day (14-18 year olds): Girls - 1 1/2 cups Boys – 2 cups Main Nutrients from “group” :Fruits are sources of many essential nutrients that are under consumed, including: Potassium - may help to maintain healthy blood pressure. Fruit sources of potassium include bananas, prunes and prune juice, dried peaches and apricots, cantaloupe, honeydew melon, and orange juice Dietary fiber - Dietary fiber from fruits, as part of an overall healthy diet, helps reduceblood cholesterol levels and may lower risk of heart disease. Fiber is important for proper bowel function. It helps reduce constipation and diverticulosis. Fiber-containing foods such as fruits help provide a feeling of fullness with fewer calories. Whole or cut-up fruits are sources of dietary fiber; fruit juices contain little or no fiber. Vitamin C - is important for growth and repair of all body tissues, helps heal cuts and wounds, and keeps teeth and gums healthy. Folate(folic acid) helps the body form red blood cells. Women of childbearing age who may become pregnant should consume adequate folate from foods, and in addition 400 mcg of synthetic folic acid from fortified foods or supplements. This reduces the risk of neural tube defects, spina bifida, and anencephaly during fetal development.

12. Key Consumer Message: Vary your veggies!! Make half your plate fruit and veggies Any vegetable or 100% vegetable juice counts as a member of the Vegetable Group. Vegetables may be raw or cooked; fresh, frozen, canned (usually contain a lot of sodium), or dried/dehydrated; and may be whole, cut-up, or mashed. Vegetables are organized into 5 subgroups, based on their nutrient content. Some commonly eaten vegetables in each subgroup are: • Red & orange vegetables– squash, tomatoes, bell peppers, carrots, sweet potatoes • Dark green vegetables- spinach, broccoli, dark green leafy lettuce, romaine lettuce • Beans and Peas (legumes) – pinto, black, kidney, garbanzo, black eyed peas Can be counted in the Vegetable or Protein Group excellent sources of plant protein, and also provide other nutrients such as iron and zinc Starchy vegetables– corn, green peas, lima beans, potatoes, taro, water chestnuts • Other vegetables– artichokes, asparagus, avocado, beets, bean sprouts Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, celery, cucumbers, eggplant, green beans, green peppers, iceberg (head) lettuce, mushrooms, okra, onions, parsnips, zucchini

13. Servings recommended per day (14-18 year olds): Girls – 2 1/2 cups Boys – 3 cups Main Nutrients from “group” : Vegetables are important sources of many nutrients, including potassium, dietary fiber, folate (folic acid), vitamin A, and vitamin C. Serving Size Examples (copy at least 3): 1 cup of raw or cooked vegetables or vegetable juice 2 cups of raw leafy greens can be considered = 1 cup from the Vegetable Group. 2 medium carrots/ 1 cup baby carrots 1 large ear of corn

14. All fluid milk products and many foods made from milk are considered part of this food group. Most Dairy Group choices should be fat-free or low-fat. Foods made from milk that retain their calcium content are part of the group, Foods made from milk that have little to no calcium, such as cream cheese, cream, and butter, are not. Calcium-fortified soymilk (soy beverage) is also part of the Dairy Group. Key Consumer Message: Switch to fat-free or low-fat (1%) milk • Choose fat-free or low-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese. • Milk or yogurt that is not fat-free, or cheese that is not low-fat, the fat in the product counts against your maximum limit for "empty calories" (empty calories = calories from solid fats and added sugars). • If sweetened milk products are chosen (flavored milk, yogurt, drinkable yogurt, desserts), the added sugars also count against your maximum limit for "empty calories” • For those who are lactose intolerant, smaller portions (such as 4 fluid ounces of milk) may be well tolerated. Lactose-free and lower-lactose products are available. Also, enzyme preparations can be added to milk to lower the lactose content. Calcium-fortified foods and beverages such as cereals, orange juice, or rice or almond beverages may provide calcium, but may not provide the other nutrients found in dairy products.

15. Servings recommended per day (14-18 year olds): Girls - 3 cups Boys - 3 cups Main Nutrients from “group” : Calcium- used for building bones and teeth, maintaining bone mass (3+ cups/day can improve bone mass) . Dairy products are the primary source of calcium in American diets. Potassium(especially in milk, soymilk and yogurt) - may help to maintain healthy blood pressure. Vitamin D- to maintain proper levels of calcium and phosphorous, thereby helping to build and maintain bones. Milk and soymilk (soy beverage) that are fortified with vitamin D are good sources of this nutrient. Other sources include vitamin D-fortified yogurt and vitamin D-fortified ready-to-eat breakfast cereals. Milk products that are consumed in their low-fat or fat-free forms provide little or no solid fat. Choosing foods from the Dairy Group that are high in saturated fats and cholesterol can raise "bad" cholesterol (LDL (low-density lipoprotein)) levels in the blood. High LDL cholesterol, in turn, increases the risk for coronary heart disease. Many cheeses, whole milk, and products made from them are high in saturated fat. Serving Size Examples: (copy at least 3)1 cup milk, 8 oz yogurt (most are 6oz), 1.5 oz hard cheese, 1/3 cup shredded cheese, 2 cups cottage cheese, 1 cup frozen yogurt, 1 1/2 cups ice cream (low fat), 1 cup calcium-fortified soy milk

16. Key Consumer Message: Go lean with Protein All foods made from meat, poultry, seafood, beans and peas, eggs, processed soy products, nuts, and seeds are considered part of the Protein Foods Group. • Select a variety of protein foods to improve nutrient intake and health benefits, including at least 8 ounces of cooked seafood per week. • Young children need less, depending on their age and calories needs. • The advice to consume seafood does not apply to vegetarians. Vegetarian options in the Protein Foods Group include beans and peas, processed soy products, and nuts and seeds. • Meat and poultry choicesshould be lean or low-fat. Higher fat choices, such as regular ground beef (75 to 80% lean) or chicken with skin, the fat counts against your maximum limit for empty calories (calories from solid fats or added sugars). Foods in the meat, poultry, fish, eggs, nuts, and seed group provide nutrients that are vital for health and maintenance of your body. However, choosing foods from this group that are high in saturated fat and cholesterol may have health implications.

17. Servings recommended per day (14-18 year olds): Girls - 5 oz equivalents Boys – 6 1/2 oz equivalents Main Nutrients from “group” : • Proteinsfunction as building blocks for bones, muscles, cartilage, skin, and blood. They are also building blocks for enzymes, hormones, and vitamins. Proteins are one of three nutrients that provide calories (the others are fat and carbohydrates). • B vitaminsfound in this food group serve a variety of functions in the body. They help the body release energy, play a vital role in the function of the nervous system, aid in the formation of red blood cells, and help build tissues. • Iron is used to carry oxygen in the blood. • Magnesiumis used in building bones and in releasing energy from muscles. • Zincis necessary for biochemical reactions and helps the immune system function properly. • EPA and DHAare omega-3 fatty acids found in varying amounts in seafood. Eating 8 ounces per week of seafood may help reduce the risk for heart disease. Serving Size Examples: (copy at least 3)In general, 1 ounce of meat, poultry or fish, ¼ cup cooked beans, 1 egg, 1 tablespoon of peanut butter, or ½ ounce of nuts or seeds can be considered as 1 ounce equivalent from the Protein Foods Group.