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Reinventing transport in cities

Reinventing transport in cities. – An IKEA of the mind –. Eric Britton The New Mobility Agenda 75006 Paris, France http://newmobility.org . Contents of presentation. Dedication: Mrs. Jane Jacobs Then . . . an IKEA of the mind Reinventing transport in cities

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Reinventing transport in cities

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  1. Reinventing transport in cities – An IKEA of the mind – Eric Britton The New Mobility Agenda 75006 Paris, France http://newmobility.org Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  2. Contents of presentation • Dedication: Mrs. Jane Jacobs • Then . . . an IKEA of the mind • Reinventing transport in cities • The Clinton Climate Initiative in brief • The New Mobility reinvention tests • New mobility in Paris: An action agenda • Reinventing transport in your city Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  3. Jane Jacobs: 1916 - 2006 Activist, author, citizen, example . . . who with her path-breaking book The Death and Life of Great American Cities -- and through the years of work and daily life example which followed -- almost single-handedly pioneered new thinking about our cites and the ways in which we shape them through our transportation arrangements. Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  4. So, what is an “IKEA of the mind”? • You have an idea that you want or need something • So you hop into your car and drive to their store. • Then you look all over the place and ask questions, • Finally you decide on what it is you want. • You pay for it, load it, & carry it all the way home. • Then the real work begins . . . And so it is with reinventing transport in your city. Now let’s have a closer look. Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  5. Reinventing transport in cities Let’s start by looking at three key phrases: • Sustainable Transportation – What does it mean and how can we put it to work? • Old Mobility – What is it and what can we learn if we look closely at it? • New Mobility – What is it and how can we put it to work?Right now! But first, do we have a problem? If so, what is it? Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  6. Sustainable transportation • Sustainable transportation – this helps us to start to ask the right questions • New Mobility Agenda – then provides the outline of a strategy for on-street change • But first, we have to understand what Old Mobility is and where it is leading us Let’s have a look. Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  7. Old Mobility is a state of mind • When everyone is supposed to have a car • And everything we do is supposed to work for the car • But there you are stuck in traffic . . . again • Or waiting for that damn bus in the rain. . . again • And yes, they keep promising improvements, keep on building and keep on taking your money . . . but it only gets worse every year. • I dunno, do you suppose we have a problem? • If so, what might it be? Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  8. Surprise? The New Mobility majority • Everyone who does not have a car (or want one.) • Everyone who cannot drive (or want even to learn) • Everyone who should not drive (You have seen them) • Everyone who cannot afford to own and operate a car • Everyone who prefers walking, cycling or public transport • Everyone with access limitations, physical or other • All those cut off from a full life because they do not have a decent way to get around. • And -- don't lose sight of this! -- you in a few years And BTW, all these people vote! Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  9. What is the New Mobility Agenda? • The New Mobility Agenda is a consistent action strategy • Seen, understood & implemented as an emergency measure • Targets exclusively measures and actions that can take hold and achieve high visible impacts in less than 2-4 years. • Posts specific performance improvement targets for all to see. • Calls a 5 year moratorium on all new construction. • Radically shifts road & parking real estate to more space- and environmentally efficient mobility means • Supports innovation for space-efficient, environmentally effective shared transport services, new and old. • And it succeeds in getting the job done! See http://www.newmobility.org/ for more Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  10. The Clinton Climate Initiative: An uplifting constraint for new mobility • Started August 2007 with very high international visibility • In cooperation with Large Cities Climate Leadership Group • Calling for 80% reductions of CO2 & GHGs in 10-15 years • Targeting buildings, water, waste management, energy . . . • And the ways that people and goods move about in cities. • Latest world meeting in NYC announced first major program: $ 5 billion to assist transition to energy efficient buildings. • Transport recommendations still in progress. • New Mobility Agenda working to feed in ideas & projects See http://www.clintonfoundation.org for more Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  11. Clinton Climate – acid tests for actions In all the sectors they are working with, they are asking: • Will the selected measure and programs they chose to support work to reduce CO2 and GHGs radically? • And will it get the necessary fast results? • Also, will it enable significant fossil fuel savings? • Can it be readily replicated in other places ? • Is it experience-proven for sure success? • Is the measure and program politically viable? Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  12. NMA Tests 1: Performance targets: 2007 - 2010 Will the selected measures individually and as an integrated package . . . • Reduce congestion significantly and fast? • Improve road safety and public health? • Impact positively on the local economy? • Be brought on line at relatively low cost to public budget ? • Be widely accessible and easy to use? Elderly? Others with mobility handicaps? • Is it affordable (to all comers) and socially equitable? • Favor improved mobility and quality of life especially for women and children? • Does it offer a superior mobility service package to the old mobility deal? • Does it have positive impacts in terms of social cohesion, more neighborly behavior, sense of community, and identification of place? • Does it contribute to improving the quantity/quality of public space • Does it open up space for yet other new mobility options, reforms and measures? And if it does not do all these things, you can forget about it Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  13. NMA Tests 2: Planning/Process considerations • Systemic: Does selected measure address full array of multiple objectives concerned • Flexibility: Does it permit wide range of alternative planning, financing and implementation adaptations? • Incremental: Can it be brought on line in phased steps permitting significant readjustments, fine tuning at acceptable levels of public discomfort and cost? • Big House/Open Doors: Does project by its nature invite, provide for active democracy, deep public participation and genuine city-shaping collaboration? • Reconciliation: Does the process behind it demonstrate a mature capacity to “reconcile valid opposites”? • Reversible: Can it be readily and cheaply reversed, radically restructured or later moved to a better location, if it proves unsatisfactory in performance at selected site? • Information availability: Is the necessary information available to diligent professionals for planning and implementation in other places? Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  14. NMA Tests 3:Ambitious and exceptional goals • City-transformation potential:Is measure one that can set off a cycle of events that break the old entrenched patterns and practices -- and in the process help to create a significantly more sustainable city and higher quality of life for all? • Self-replicating:Is measure so effective, so convincing that once it has been adequately demonstrated in a given context start to gain attention and lend itself to replication in other cities -- without requiring any extraordinary financial or other supporting efforts • Guarantee success: If properly prepared, is measure sure to succeed? There is little room for error unfamiliar new initiatives at this stage in most cities. They must succeed! Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  15. NMA Test 4:Better, Faster, Cheaper This is the final acid test for your proposed measure, whatever it is: • Identify main core objectives -- list them clearly, identifying the specific target performance, cost, time parameters. • Open up broad ranging discussions of alternative ways of achieving these very specific target objectives • Invite proponents of alternative strategies • Are there better ways of getting that job done in your city? • Faster ways of getting the key targeted results? • Cheaper ways? • If it passes all these tests, you may have a winner. Or it may lead you to take a BFC alternative instead. Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  16. New Mobility lessons from Paris • Have a clearly announced, multi-level, integrated strategy • Learn from everyone, everywhere • Give high profile to selected lead measures • Ensure extensive citizen participation from beginning • Expertise: high professionalism and continuity of effort • Strong, deeply committed leadership • Communicate, communicate, communicate – a two way process!! • And make absolutely sure you succeed! Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  17. New Mobility in Paris: The 3-pillar approach There are three main pillars for getting the job done. Three!!! • Pillar 1 – Aggressively enhance supplyYou can’t cut back car traffic for new mobility conversion, unless you provide high quality alternatives to the old all-car patterns.Build up and strengthen a full range of new mobility options as rapidly as possible. From people walking and cycling in safety to improved 21st century public transport, while in parallel broadening the mobility pallet to bring in a whole range of new intermediate forms such as are needed by a mobile modern city. • Pillar 2 - Aggressively manage demandSteadily withdrawing street space from "normal mixed traffic use" while turning it over to more space-efficient users. Achieved via combined programs of access control, street redesign, parking policies, signage, traffic management, and compliance monitoring • Pillar 3 - Execute: Lead, Consult, CommunicateNow the joker! Once you have figured out what it is you want to do, the next and surely the most difficult step is the process of actually turning these great ideas into a reality in your city. Only the courageous need apply And the hard truth is . . . There is no other way of doing it! Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  18. From a kit of > 100 New Mobility measures Agence de la mobilité, Aires piétonnes, Associations (>150,000 in all areas), Autopartage (Carsharing), Bandes cyclables, Bikes in public parking facilities, Biofuel public vehicles , Boulevards urbains, BRT - Mobilien, Bus corridors, Bus services – continuing innovation and reorganization, On-street, on-vehicle camera, Canal improvements, Car Free Days , Carfree housing, Car pooling, Car rental, Carte Orange, Centres de mobilité, Circulations Douces, CO2 cards on vehicles, Concertation with pubic interest groups and associations, Conseils de quartier (121 in all), Couloirs reservés, Cycle parking, Cycle paths, Cycling – paths, stations, support , Electric vehicles, Employer transport plans, > enforcement of traffic laws, Espaces Civilisés , EV charge stations, Extension of public transport hours, Fines – increase to Euro levels, Free public transport , Freight transport , Freight consolidation zones, Goods delivery innovation, Handicapped transport (access improvements, passes, etc.), Horaires Internet, Label Autopartage Paris, Ligne fluviale sur la Seine , Low speed projects , M2W controls, restrictions, Maison des Personnes Handicapées , Metro extensions and improvements, Mobilien, Mobilis , Mobility centers, Navigo, Noctilien , Noise reduction, Observatoire Parisien de la Démocratie Locale, Observatoire du stationnemen, Onde verte (green wave), On-street parking, Optile, Parcs-relais (Park + Ride), Paris Accompagnement Mobilité (PAM), Paris Plage, Paris Respire , Parking signage and information , Passenger information systems, Péage urbain, Pedestrianization, Pedibus (Walking School Bus), Pistes cyclables, Plan de Déplacements de Paris , Plates formes d'accueil et d'information des personnes handicapées, Prestation de Compensation du Handicap (P.C.H.), Projet Heaven (Euro project), Public information displays, Public space projects , Publications, Quartiers Verts, Radar controls, RATP dans la poche, Réseaux verts, Réseaux de grandes promenades, Residential parking, Ridesharing – Co-voiturage, Rues à priorité piétonne , Rues résidentielles , Schéma directeur handicap, Semaine de la nouvelle mobilité, Shared taxis, Sidewalk widening, amenity, Slow streets, SMS, Special events, Speed control measures, Street furniture, Street narrowing, SUV restrictions, Sytadin traffic information , Target car/household reductions, Taxis innovations (Legal change, number, motorcycle taxis, Airport taxis, ‘double use”, station rationalization), Teledelivery, Teletravail - Telecommuting, telework, Tolls on regional autoroutes, Traffic noise, Tramway, Transit shelters, Transports à la demande , Traveler information systems, Vélib’ – Free public cycles, Vélos libres services, Voie Express Rive Droite suppression, Voies rapides urbaines, Voies Vertes, Water transport promotion , Web sites et al, Zones 50, Zones 30, Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  19. The five new mobility focus projects in Paris • Carte Orange: City’s universal fare card -- one of the first all-mode transport passes. Has steadily evolved in terms of its technology, organization, and reach over the last three decades. Quite literally provides the key to the new mobility system. • The Mobilien:A world-level BRT (bus rapid transit). High performance with deep roots. • Car reduction strategies:Steadily, prudently and as close as they can make it to invisibly pursuing their car reduction strategy. • Carsharing – A slow starter but fast coming on line and quite likely to emerge as the last nail in the coffin of old mobility • Vélib’: The Killer App - Paris’s world-beating City Bike project. Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  20. 1. The CarteOrange • Integrated fare card • The key to the NM system • Multi-mode: Serves metro, bus, tram, carsharing & now Velib’ • Since 1975, dynamic upgrades • Affordable - close to universal use • You don’t even think about it • Now playing in every city in France Don’t’ leave home without it Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  21. 2. Mobilien: A BRT with deep roots • Slick high performance system • Builds on decades of experience with bus, taxi, bike corridors. • Continuously being upgraded and expanded • High public acceptance • Faster than your car • And you don’t need to park it. Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  22. 3. Car reduction strategies Tightening the noose by . . . • Switching streets, lanes to more space efficient uses • Strategic parking reductions • Slow streets (30 kph) • Enforcement of violations • Congestion as a tool • Car traffic down by 18% Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  23. 4. Carsharing: Old Mobility coffin nail • A slow starter, but . . . • First system in 1999 • City now fully on board • Major expansion underway • Multiple providers • Competitive environment • Just might be the last nail in the coffin of old mobility Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  24. 5. Vélib’: New Mobility Killer App • 20,600 free bikes • 1,351 on-street stations • Within 200 m. of you • First ½ hour free • Cost to city: zero! • Advertising supported • Opening 15 July 2007 • The world is watching • Stay tuned Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  25. Paris? Vienna surrounded by Phoenix? • Not to worry -- nobody has it all figured out. • Not even Paris. • While Paris is today wonderfully fine-tuning mobility and life quality in its compact center • And reducing CO2 even further in the process • The lightly populated surrounding Paris region is still firmly stuck in the Old Mobility syndrome • Or as they say in Toronto . . . VsbP! • Now what? Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  26. Now, what about your city? • Understand that you already have a new mobility majority • That there is a solid track record and it can be done • Reexamine all policies & practices from this perspective • Decide if you are going to move ahead now - or will instead wait for the future to overtake you. (You won’t be alone) • Carry out a new mobility audit to identify (a) car/traffic reductions strategies + (b) key supply enhancements • Consider Paris example with five high visibility lead projects • Mobilize your new mobility majority and put it to work. Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  27. Perhaps a joint Cities for Mobility project? “Cities for Mobility” is a global network of cities on questions of urban mobility. Coordinated by the City of Stuttgart and in order to promote the development of sustainable and efficient transportation systems in the member cities. it promotes transnational cooperation between • City administrations, • Transportation companies, • Business, • Science, and • the civil society. Go to http://www.cities-for-mobility.org/ for details and contacts. Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  28. Some handy future references Presentation made in support of inaugural Cities for Mobility congress organized by the mayor and city of Stuttgart on 11/12 June 2007. Some useful references just in case you want to take this idea home for self-assembly and use • Cities for Mobility - http://www.cities-for-mobility.org. • Stuttgart - http://www.stuttgart-tourist.de/index_ENG.htm • The Jane Jacobs Medal (Rockefeller Foundation award)http://www.rockfound.org/efforts/jacobs/janejacobs.shtml • Clinton Climate Initiative - www.clintonfoundation.org • C40 Large Cities Climate Initiative - http://www.c40cities.org/ • NYC Climate Summit - http://www.nycclimatesummit.com • New Mobility Agenda - http://www.newmobility.org Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

  29. Remember? IKEA of the mind?Now the real work begins . . . Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007

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