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The Rise of Miners and Ranchers in the American West (1865-1900)

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11 diapositives · 280 Views · Jul 25, 2014

This chapter explores the significant expansion of mining and ranching industries after the Civil War. Following the U.S. acquisition of vast lands from the Mexican-American War, the western territories attracted settlers, particularly from the South seeking new opportunities. Key events, including the discovery of silver by Henry Comstock, led to the establishment of boomtowns. The demand for cattle also surged, giving rise to ranching on open ranges. However, the industry later faced challenges, leading to changes in cattle management practices and a decline in open-range grazing.

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The Rise of Miners and Ranchers in the American West (1865-1900)
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  1. Miners & Ranchers Ch.8 Sec.1

  2. Main Ideas • Prior Events Connection • The U.S. had gained huge tracts of land as a result of the Mexican-American War • Before the Civil War, Texas & California had been where settlers mainly moved • The U.S. encouraged people to move west after the Civil War • Due to Reconstruction, many people from the South were looking to start a new life

  3. Main Ideas Western Expansion Period • Lasted from 1865-1900 • Acting U.S. Presidents: • Andrew Johnson (1965-69) • Ulysses Grant (1869-77) • Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881) • James Garfield (1881) • Chester Arthur (1881-85) • Grover Cleveland (1885-89) • Benjamin Harrison (1889-93) • Grover Cleveland (1893-97) • William McKinley (1897-1901)

  4. Growth of the Mining Industry • Mining in the West • As industry grew in the east, demand for gold, silver, & copper did also • The growth of cities in the East also increased demand for leather and beef • Demand for ranchers and miners skyrocketed, causing many to move west for work or fortune • Placer Mining – Mining using simple equipment to search for surface deposits • Quartz Mining – Mining done deep beneath the surface

  5. Growth of the Mining Industry • Henry Comstock – Discovered a large deposit of silver in Nevada, initiated a bonanza • Boomtowns – • towns that rose up quickly when when deposits were found and disappeared when they ran dry • Some had opera houses, fashion shops, newspapers, and hotels • Vigilance Committees • Formed in boom towns to keep the peace • Were in charge of regulating crime & appropriate punishment

  6. Ranching & Cattle Drives • Ranching in the West • The demand for cattle continued to grow in the East • Many moved west to start cattle ranches to meet the demand • Open Range – • Govt owned land that stretched across the central U.S. • Ranchers were allowed to let their cattle graze for free • Mavericks – • Stray calves with no markings on them • Were claimed by other ranchers by branding them

  7. Ranching & Cattle Drives • Chisholm Trail – The major route across the Great Plains to drive cattle • Decline of the Ranching Industry • The govt ended their open range policy and began selling the land to investors • The boom of ranching in the West caused an oversupply of cattle • A harsh winter in 1886 caused large amounts of cattle to die • Cattle ranching became stationary operations