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Miners & Ranchers

Miners & Ranchers. Ch.8 Sec.1. Main Ideas. Prior Events Connection The U.S. had gained huge tracts of land as a result of the Mexican-American War Before the Civil War, Texas & California had been where settlers mainly moved The U.S. encouraged people to move west after the Civil War

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Miners & Ranchers

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  1. Miners & Ranchers Ch.8 Sec.1

  2. Main Ideas • Prior Events Connection • The U.S. had gained huge tracts of land as a result of the Mexican-American War • Before the Civil War, Texas & California had been where settlers mainly moved • The U.S. encouraged people to move west after the Civil War • Due to Reconstruction, many people from the South were looking to start a new life

  3. Main Ideas Western Expansion Period • Lasted from 1865-1900 • Acting U.S. Presidents: • Andrew Johnson (1965-69) • Ulysses Grant (1869-77) • Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881) • James Garfield (1881) • Chester Arthur (1881-85) • Grover Cleveland (1885-89) • Benjamin Harrison (1889-93) • Grover Cleveland (1893-97) • William McKinley (1897-1901)

  4. Growth of the Mining Industry • Mining in the West • As industry grew in the east, demand for gold, silver, & copper did also • The growth of cities in the East also increased demand for leather and beef • Demand for ranchers and miners skyrocketed, causing many to move west for work or fortune • Placer Mining – Mining using simple equipment to search for surface deposits • Quartz Mining – Mining done deep beneath the surface

  5. Growth of the Mining Industry • Henry Comstock – Discovered a large deposit of silver in Nevada, initiated a bonanza • Boomtowns – • towns that rose up quickly when when deposits were found and disappeared when they ran dry • Some had opera houses, fashion shops, newspapers, and hotels • Vigilance Committees • Formed in boom towns to keep the peace • Were in charge of regulating crime & appropriate punishment

  6. Ranching & Cattle Drives • Ranching in the West • The demand for cattle continued to grow in the East • Many moved west to start cattle ranches to meet the demand • Open Range – • Govt owned land that stretched across the central U.S. • Ranchers were allowed to let their cattle graze for free • Mavericks – • Stray calves with no markings on them • Were claimed by other ranchers by branding them

  7. Ranching & Cattle Drives • Chisholm Trail – The major route across the Great Plains to drive cattle • Decline of the Ranching Industry • The govt ended their open range policy and began selling the land to investors • The boom of ranching in the West caused an oversupply of cattle • A harsh winter in 1886 caused large amounts of cattle to die • Cattle ranching became stationary operations

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