بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على سيدنا محمد الصادق الوعد الأميناما بعد..

2. Needs of the Newborn Improving newborn survival will dramatically reduce infant mortality worldwide. Of the 7.1 million infants who die each year, approximately two-thirds die in the first 28 days after birth – the neonatal period.

3. Of these deaths, two-thirds take place in the first week after birth. Ninety-eight percent of all neonatal deaths occur in developing countries.  There are basic needs of a newborn that can help ensure a healthy start in life. 

4. Basic needs of a newborn that can help ensure a healthy start in life. During labour and delivery, mothers and newborns need:  Skilled attendance – provide safe management of normal delivery and timely referral for complications.  Support and care – promote family support and a baby and woman-friendly environment for birth and maternal and newborn care

5. Infection control – ensure clean delivery, including clean surface, hands, blade, and cord tie.  Management of complications – identify and manage complications, including bleeding, high blood pressure, prolonged labour, and foetal distress

6. Following birth, newborns need:  Air - stimulate and resuscitate infants who are not breathing at birth.  Warmth – dry the baby at birth. Maintain warmth through skin-to-skin contact, warm ambient temperature, and head and body covering. Promote kangaroo care for low-birth weight infants.  Breastfeeding – breastfeed within the first hour after birth. Continue exclusive breastfeeding on demand day and night for six months.

7. Care – keep the newborn close to the mother, father, or other caregiver. Keep the mother healthy.  Infection control – maintain cleanliness when handling the infant. Keep the cord clean. Provide prophylactic eye care. Promote early and exclusive breastfeeding. Immunize according to schedule. Treat infections promptly.  Management of complications – recognize and respond urgently to serious and life-threatening conditions.

8. The five measures of infant and child mortality • Neonatal mortality, the probability of dying in the first month of life • Postneonatal mortality, the probability of dying after the first month of life but before the first birthday (the difference between infant and neonatal mortality rates) • Infant mortality (1q0), the probability of dying before the first birthday

9. Child mortality (4q1), the probability of dying between the first and fifth birthday • Under-five mortality (5q0), the probability of dying before the fifth birthday. • All of these rates are calculated per 1,000 live births, except for child mortality which is calculated per 1,000 children surviving to age one.

10. Perinatalearly neonatalLate neonatalneonatalpost neonatalinfant Birth 1 wk 1 mon. 1 y

11. IMP. Risk factors and Causes of infant child deaths: Developing Countries1- Prematurely/ low birth wt. Birth injuries and neonatal infections 2- Multipregnances with no spacing 3- Early or late pregnancy4- Resp. Infections5-GIT diseases

12. 6-Infectious disease / Malaria7- Poor in come and large families leading to poor nutrition education and living standards.8- Environmental factors live poor water supply , poor housing and air pollution9- Accidents (being first cause bet. Age 5-15 years)10-Congenital abnormalities

13. Proportional Mortality among<5 yrs. WHO Report 2002/World Wide

14. Causes of Infant and Child Mortality in Jordan The 3 leading causes of infant death were 1-Conditions originating in the perinatal period. 2-Congenital malformations. 3- Diseases of the respiratory system.

15. The leading cause of death in the neonatal period was conditions originating in the perinatal period, while in the post-neonatal period, it was congenital malformations. Prematurity was the leading contributory cause of infant death. .

16. CONCLUSION: This study showed that causes of infant mortality in Jordan tend to be similar to those prevailing in developed countries. Khoury SA, Mas'ad DF. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. Saudi Med J. 2002 Apr;23(4):432-5.

17. Prematurely and low birthHigher Morbidity and Mortality rates 1- Respiratory distress syndrome2- Birth Trauma 3- Hemorrhages.4-Feeding problems5-Infections6-Failure to thrive

18. Infant Mortality in Jordan The infant mortality rate also declined from 82 per thousand in 1976 to 22 in 2002, and reached 19 per thousand in 2007, decreasing by 14 percent compared to 2002.

19. Drops in mortality, particularly infant mortality, have translated into an increased life expectancy for the population: in 2002, life expectancy in Jordan was 68 years for males and 71 years for females, increasing to 72 years for males and 74 years for females in 2007.

22. Well Baby Clinic Infant and Child care

24. Main Objectives A- Regular physical examinations B- Growth and Development (Growth charts) C- Nutritional assessment D- Vaccination E- Health Education

25. WBC Baby examined at birth and followed through WBC at six weeks of age then at. Two months Four monthsSix monthsNine monthsFifteen monthsEighteen monthsTwo yearsThree years

26. Welcome to the Brazelton Institute! The Brazelton Institute is dedicated to promoting the healthy development of infants and families, through research and education programs for people who care for children and their families in the first years of life. The Institute is based in the Department of Pediatrics at the Children's Hospital in Boston

27. Understanding the Baby's Language While babies may not speak their first word for a year, they are born ready to communicate with a rich vocabulary of body movements, cries and visual responses: all part of the complex language of infant behavior.

28. The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale First, infants, even ones that seem vulnerable, are highly capable when they are born. "A newborn already has nine months of experience when she is born," Dr. Brazelton notes. "She is capable of controlling her behavior in order to respond to her new environment."

29. Second, babies "communicate" through their behavior, which, although it may not always seem like it, is a rational language. Not only do infants respond to cues around them, like their parents' face, but they also take steps to control their environment, such as crying to get a response from their caregivers.

30. Third, infants are social organisms, individuals with their own individuality, ready to shape as well as be shaped by the caregiving environment.

31. Assessing the baby's capabilities

32. Vaccination • See Vaccination Lecture

33. Indicators to describe a ( child’s well being):

34. Nutritional Causes Enviromental causes Socio-Economical causes

35. 1-Number of low birth weight babies2- Infant mortality rate

36. 3- Children’s death rate (children in the age group (1-14 years) calculated per 100,000 children. Rate of teen death (between 15-19 years) as a result of accidents and suicide

37. 5- Teen birth rate (measured per 1000 females in the age of (15-17) teenagers pregnancy is a very important issue in the developed countries. Dealing with those girls indicates dealing with a group of infant born to very young mothers who didn’t reach the optimum nutritional and physical maturity.

38. Therefore their pregnancy is at a high risk of obstructed Labour, maternal death low birth weight baby, and long term disabilities affecting the baby.

39. 6-Percentage of teenager’s school drop out Maternal education is a very important factor contributing to the health of children .So high percentages of school drop out indicate poorly educated future parents. 7- Percent of teens not attending school nor working

40. 8-Percentage of children whose parents don’t have a full year employment. If you don’t have a job you won’t provide money needed to insure all the medical, nutritional , educational needs of a child. 9-Percentage of children in poverty. 10-Number of families with children headed by a single parent.

41. Adolescence School Health

42. Adolescence Adolescence: that period in a person’s life which extends from the onset of the physical changes of puberty until the achievement of adulthood and independence.

43. It is a period of rapid change and great turmoil, as the adolescent endeavors to come to terms with himself, his limitations and his potential, and with the world outside himself. Adolescence

44. Adolescence def varies depending on whether it is biological, psychological, social, or economic , legislative in nature WHO defines adol as individuals between the ages 10-19 years.

45. Important milestones include: Late childhood, puberty, early adolescence, late adolescence are often cited as important milestones within the 10-19 category.

46. Adolescents matter because :1. They are a demographic force:Adolescents comprise one –fifth of every community population, or 1.2 Billion people world wide (Adolescents in the Arab world in 2000 were 31 millions . In 2020, it is expected to be 41 millions).2- They are an economic force:Adolescents contribute significantly to their families and communities through paid and unpaid labor3-They are the future health:Adolescents is a formative stage which presents a unique opportunity to shape young people’s health behaviors and social attitudes.

47. CHANGES DURING ADOLESCENCE1- PHYSICAL:a. Secular changesPuberty : norms and variationsPsycholgocial aspect of biological change2- PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOMENT:a. Cognitive and value system development : At the age of 12 years , young people first become capable of “formal operations : that is the ability of systematic and rational abstract thinking.B- Identity formation

48. d. Social factors in adolescent development:I. Transitional societiesII. New stressesIII Modern life- styleIV. Urbanization and migrationV. New directions versus traditional societiesVI. Lack of economic or educational opportunity in a society where increasingly complex demands are made on young people and traditional family support is weakened.

49. Adolesence relationship with adults and peers 1- Generation Gap 2- Parents Guideness

50. D-. SOCIAL FACTROS AND CHANGES AFFECTING ADOLESCENTS HEALTH:I. DemographicII.EconomicIII.PoliticalIV.LegalV. ReligiousVI. EducationalVII. Technological and Scientific