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Impacts of The Enlightenment

Impacts of The Enlightenment. SS.A.3.4.5; SS.B.1.4.4; SS.A.3.4.6; SS.B.2.4.3. Enlightened Culture. Other kings build big palaces like Versailles, but in a new style of architecture borrowing from baroque Rococo art, is secular and centered on light and the pursuit of pleasure

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Impacts of The Enlightenment

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  1. Impacts of The Enlightenment SS.A.3.4.5; SS.B.1.4.4; SS.A.3.4.6; SS.B.2.4.3

  2. Enlightened Culture • Other kings build big palaces like Versailles, but in a new style of architecture borrowing from baroque • Rococo art, is secular and centered on light and the pursuit of pleasure • Music: Mozart, Handel, Hayden, Bach • Literature centers around the emergence of novels, about real people, not royalty

  3. Enlightenment & Absolutism • People begin to accept that equality before the law; right to hold property; pursuit of happiness; and freedoms of religion, speech, press & assembly • Rulers must be “enlightened”, operate within the law and nurture art, science and education • Enlightened Absolutism, where kings rule with absolute power, but adhere to Enlightened ways

  4. Prussia • King Frederick William I builds a powerful Prussian state: • Fourth largest army in Europe • Loyal, efficient bureaucracy • Fredrick II (The Great) cultured and educated—Enlightened • Improved army and controlled bureaucracy • Bans torture, except traitors and murderers • Expanded freedom of speech, press, religion • But, keeps Prussian feudal system in tact

  5. The Austrian Empire • Austrian Empire is powerful, but hard to rule because of large size • Empress Maria Theresa centralizes and strengthens the power of the state, while relieving burden of serfs (somewhat) • Joseph II, M.T.’s son, makes ideas of the Enlightenment law • Abolish serfdom, eliminate death penalty, est. equality before law, religious toleration • Nobles angry for freeing of serfs, Church angry over toleration, serfs upset about not understanding the world around them • Joseph’s reforms fail, successors reverse them

  6. Catherine The Great’s Russia • Catherine takes power of Russia (1762-1796), favors Enlightened reforms • Establishes new code of laws, all are equal under the law, but never really enforced • Nobility is key to stability, but her favor of nobles leads to unrest among serfs • Catherine expands Russian territory to the south (Black Sea), and west to Poland

  7. War of Austrian Succession • Austria’s Empress Maria Theresa seen as weak, Prussia’s Fred II invades Silesia • Austria & Britain vs. Prussia & France • War was fought in three places around the world: Austria, Netherlands and India • British capture French forts in N. America • After Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, war stops, but only for a bit • Everyone gets land back, except Silesia

  8. The Seven Year’s War • Maria Theresa still upset over Silesia, France is upset with England • France & Austria forget rivalry, join forces with Russia against Prussia & Britain • War starts in Europe, India & N. America • The war lasts from 1756-1763: • In Europe & India called Seven Years’ War • In N. America called French & Indian War by the British and American colonists who fought against the Native Americans & French

  9. War In Europe • Frederick’s large Prussian army fights well at first, but is worn down by attacks from three sides • Austria (South), France (West), Russia (East) • New Russia czar Peter III, likes Frederick, stops Russian attacks • War at stalemate, ends in 1763 • All lands returned, Austria gives up Silesia

  10. War In India • “The Great War For Empire” fought between France & Britain in India & N.A. • France won Madras from Britain in War of Austrian Succession, but gave it back • France always wanted Madras, and attacks British Madras—the British persist • France eventually leaves India to Britain

  11. War In North America • Called “French & Indian War” • France ran N.A. colonies like trading area • Rich in fur, leather, fish and timber • British N.A. more populated, wealthier • 1750: 1 million people • Two main areas of fighting: • Gulf of St. Lawrence • Ohio River Valley

  12. French & Indian War • French in Ohio River Valley, seen as threat by British colonists/army • French built forts, made alliances with Indians • British Prime Minister William Pitt, wants to destroy French Empire, replace it with a British Empire • Concentrates British resources on the war in the colonies, not the European theater • French N.A. army is bigger, but little navy • France winning at first, but naval losses leave it unable to support army

  13. War Ends • 1759: Britain wins battle of the Plains of Abraham (Quebec) under Gen. Wolfe • British take Montreal, the Great Lakes, and the Ohio River Valley from France • Treaty of Paris: France gives Britain Canada, land east of Mississippi River • As ally of France, Spain gives Britain control of Florida, but get Louisiana from France • 1763: Great Britain is world’s greatest colonial power

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