PAIN THERAPY BY ACUPUNCTURE IN SPORT HORSES

1. Francesco LONGO (*) Margherita GAZZOLA (**) (*) Veterinary Surgeon, Repr. Spec. It.V.A.S. – SIAV longo.agovet@katamail.com (**) Veterinary Surgeon, Anim. Health Spec. It.V.A.S. – SIAV marghegaz@yahoo.com www.siav-itvas.org PAIN THERAPY BY ACUPUNCTURE IN SPORT HORSES

2. THE TRADITIONAL CHINESE VETERINARY MEDICINE (TCVM) HAS A THOUSAND YEARS HISTORY IN PREPARING HORSES TO SPORT COMPETITION

3. IN HIPPIATRICS THERE IS A CONSOLIDATED SYSTEM OF DIAGNOSTIC ACUPOINTS  IT IS POSSIBLE TO IDENTIFY THE ORGANS INVOLVED IN THE DISORDER OR THE SEAT OF LIMB DISEASE  IT IS THUS PARTICULARLY USEFUL IN SPORT MEDICINE

4. E.C.I.W.O. (Embryo Containing the Information of the Whole Organism) THEORY  TING POINTS(WHICH ARE AMONG THE ANTIQUE SHU POINTS – WU SHU) BEI SHU POINTS MU POINTS POINTS ON THE EAR  DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM  PALPATION EXAM

5. IT IS ESSENTIAL TO FORMULATE A CORRECT ENERGY DIAGNOSIS  THE STATE CRITERIA CONDITIONS OF EXCESS OR DEFICIENCY EXPRESS THROUGH PHYSICAL AND FUNCTIONAL SIGNS

6. TREATMENT ACUPOINTS ARE SELECTED ON THE BASIS OF THE TRADITIONAL INDICATION REGARDING THEIR ENERGY AS WELL AS EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE  THEIR ACTION MANIFEST ITSELF AT DIFFERENT LEVELS  ANTALGIC ANTI – INFLAMMATORY NEUROENDOCRINE TROPHIC VASOMODULATOR ACTIVITY  INTEGRATED SYSTEM THAT ELICITIS SPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL RESPONSES

7. DIFFERENT WAYS OF STIMULATING ACUPOINTS  TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE (CHINESE NEEDLES) HYDROACUPUNCTURE / HAEMOACUPUNCTURE ELECTROACUPUNCTURE LASERPUNCTURE MOXIBUSTION TUINA (CHINESE MASSAGE)

8. DIFFERENT WAYS OF STIMULATING ACUPOINTS  TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE (CHINESE NEEDLES)

9. DIFFERENT WAYS OF STIMULATING ACUPOINTS  HYDROACUPUNCTURE and HAEMOACUPUNCTURE

10. DIFFERENT WAYS OF STIMULATING ACUPOINTS  MOXIBUSTION Artemisia vulgaris Artemisia argyi Artemisia sinensis

11. DIFFERENT WAYS OF STIMULATING ACUPOINTS  PLUM BLOSSOM

12. DIFFERENT WAYS OF STIMULATING ACUPOINTS  ELECTROACUPUNCTURE

13. DIFFERENT WAYS OF STIMULATING ACUPOINTS  ELECTROACUPUNCTURE

14. DIFFERENT WAYS OF STIMULATING ACUPOINTS  TUINA (CHINESE MASSAGE)

15. RECURRENT LAMENESS A SPECIFIC JOINT SEGMENT WHICH HAS BEEN SUBJECT TO A PRIOR PHLOGISTIC PROCESS IS PERIODICALLY AFFECTED BY INFLAMMATION

16. RECURRENT LAMENESS ACUPUNCTURE MODIFIES THE ENGRAMS – PATTERNS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN NERVE BUNDLES AT CNS LEVEL  IT HEALS PERSISTENT DISORDERS  TRADITONAL ACUPUNCTURE NEIGUAN – HOUXI  THEY TREAT CHRONIC and RECURRENT DISEASES  CHANGE IN THE ENGRAMS  RETURN TO A NORMAL STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CONDITION

17. OSTEOARTHRITIS PERIODIC RELAPSES ACCOMPANIED BY PAIN AND LIMITATION OF MOVIMENT  TRADITONAL ACUPUNCTURE DAZHU – HUANTIAO  MODIFY BONE METABOLISM *** LOCALAPPLICATION OFELECTROACUPUNCTURE  HIGHLY EFFECTIVE

18. NAVICULAR DISEASE COMPLEX SYNDROME THAT STARTS AS A PODOTROCLEAR BURSITIS  PROGRESSIVE INFLAMMATION  DEGENERATIVE and EROSIVE LESIONS OF THE FIBROCARTILAGE

19. NAVICULAR DISEASE EARLY STAGES OF THE DISEASE  TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE ELETTROACUPUNCTURE QIAN TI MEN – MING TANG

20. NAVICULAR DISEASE IN ADVANCED FORMS OF THE DISEASE  LASERPUNCTURE  SIGNIFICANT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY and ANALGESIC EFFECTS  IT PROMOTES TISSUE GROWTH AND INCREASES CIRCULATION and MICROCIRCULATION

21. NAVICULAR DISEASE LASER STIMULATION HAS AN IMPORTANT EFFECT  A MARKED DROP (±50%) IN LEVELS OF ENDOGENOUS CORTISOL  LOWER STATE OF STRESS PRODUCED IN ALL OF HORSES

22. NAVICULAR DISEASE

23. ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN BIOMECHANICALLY THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN IS CRUCIAL FOR ALL OF THE HORSE’S MOVEMENTS *** IN TCVM THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN IS IN THE PATH OF THE DU MAI CURIOUS MERIDIAN  SPECIFIC ACUPOINTS ARE USED ACCORDING TO THE REGION INVOLVED

24. ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN CERVICAL REGION VERTEBRAL SUBLUXATIONS (WOBBLER SYNDROME)  TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE JIU WEI

25. ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN THORACIC REGION SPECIFIC MOVIMENTS  FLEXION EXTENSION LATEROFLEXTION ROTATION TRANSLATION STERNUM FUNCTION DIAPHRAGM FUNCTION  SUBLUXATIONS  TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE ELECTROACUPUNCTURE DU MAIACUPOINTS URINARY BLADDERACUPOINTS HWATO JIAJI(Paravertebral Acupoints)

26. ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN LUMBAR REGION IT IS CONSIDERED AS THE SOURCE OF MOVEMENT FOR THE WHOLE ANIMAL *** IT PRODUCES TWO FUNDAMENTAL FLEXION and EXTENSION MOVEMENTS

27. ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN LUMBAR REGION CHRONIC LUMBAR PAIN SYNDROME  BI – SYNDROME CAUSED BY BLOCKED QI (Energy) and XUE (Blood) CIRCULATION

28. ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN LUMBAR REGION INITIALLY  INVOLVEMENT OF MUSCLES (Dorsal Longissimus – Lumbodorsal Fascia)  INVOLVEMENT OF FASCIA LATA TENSOR  ALTERATION IN MOVEMENT  CONTINUING CONTRACTION MISALIGNMENT OF THE VERTEBRAL BODIES  EFFECT ON GAIT

29. ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN LUMBAR REGION CHRONIC LUMBAR PAIN SYNDROME  TRADITIONAL TREATMENT  MOXA (Placed in Wooden Box) *** TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE ELECTROACUPUNCTURE WEIZHONG WUSHU YANGLINGQUAN MINGMEN GUANYUAN

30. ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN SACRAL REGION ITS FUNCTION PERMIT OSCILLATION OF THE ILIUM  TRANSMISSION OF MOVEMENT TOWARDS L 6  IT MUST ALLOW THE COCCYGEAL VERTEBRAE TO FUNCTION AS A RUDDER FOR THE ENTIRE COLUMN  AS IT ACTS AS A AILERON  THE SACRUM CAN BE SUBJECT TO MALPOSITIONING  EFFECTS ON THE ROCKING MOTION OF THE PELVIS  EFFECT ON GAIT

31. ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN SACRAL REGION TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE ZAO BAIHUI SHANGLIAO CILIAO ZHONGLIAO XIALIAO

32. ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN COCCYGEAL REGION THE APPARENTLY RANDOM MOVEMENTS OF THE TAIL  ENTIRE COLUMN IS MOBILIZED *** TRAUMATIC INJURIES  TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE WEI GEN – WEI BEN – WEI JIAN

33. ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN ENDOCRINE SYNDROME IT AFFECTS COMPETITION MARES CAUSES  STRESS FROM TRAINING COMPETITONS RIGIDLY CONTROLLED DIET LACK OF REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY USE OF PERFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS

34. ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN ENDOCRINE SYNDROME LUMBAR PAIN THAT RADIATES TO THE HINDLIMB LUMBOSACRAL and COCCYGEAL AREAS EXTREMELY SENSITIVE RIGID MOVEMENTS PAIN and TENSION IN THE PARALUMBAR FOSSA INVOLVEMENT OF THE NECK

35. ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN ENDOCRINE SYNDROME TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE SHENSHU JINGMEN MINGMEN YANGCHI JINGMING ZHIYIN HYDROACUPUNCTURE / HAEMOACUPUNCTURE SHENSHU TRANSRECTAL MASSAGE STRETCHING – TUINA

36. POSTOPERATIVE and VISCERAL PAIN TREATMENT SHOULD BE PREVENTIVE BEFORE THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE  TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE *** TREATMENT POSTOPERATIVE  TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE ELECTROACUPUNCTURE

37. MYOFASCIAL PAIN ABNORMALITIES OF THE INTERNAL ORGANS CAUSE  LIMITED CONTRACTION STIFFNESS HARDENING IN THE MUSCLES “TRIGGER POINTS”  AS A MEANS OF PROTECTING AFFECTED ORGAN

38. MYOFASCIAL PAIN CUTANEUS STIMULATION OF THESE AREAS INFLUENCES THE CONDITION OF THE INTERNAL ORGAN THROUGH MEDULLARY NERVES  PERISTALTIC MOVEMENTS ORGAN CONTRACTION INCREASE LIVER PERFUSION HORMONE SECRETION  DISAPPEARANCE OF THE TENSION AT THE TRIGGER POINTS

39. MYOFASCIAL PAIN TREATMENT OF THE TRIGGER POINT  TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE HYDROACUPUNCTURE *** TREATMENT OF THE AFFECTED ORGAN  TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE HYDROACUPUNCTURE (VIA SOMATOTYPE – USUALLY BEI SHU POINTS)

40. AIM OF WORK THE AUTHORS HAVE ASSESSED THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EACH WAY OF STIMULATING THE ACUPOINTS FOR EACH OF CLINICAL CONDITION  ACCORDING TO CLINICAL EXPERIENCES IT IS POSSIBLE INFER 

41. RESULTS

42. REFERENCES American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists (2006): Position paper on the treatment of pain in animals; www.acva.org/professional/Position/pain.htm Canavesio E., Giommi D., Longo F. (2002): Produzione di cortisolo endogeno mediante l’impiego della laserpuntura; Rivista Italiana di Medicina Tradizionale Cinese n. 90 (4) ottobre – dicembre 2002, Civitanova Marche Cantwell S.L. (2010): TCVM: The Mechanism and Management of Acupuncture for Chronic Pain Gazzola M. (2007): Impiego dell’agopuntura nel cavallo geriatrico; http://www.siav-itvas.org/italiano/clinica-pratica/2009/AGOPUNTURA_CAVALLO_GERIATRICO.pdf Longo F. (2002): L’esame della palpazione in agopuntura veterinaria; Yi Dao Za Zhi, n. 18 ottobre 2002; Laveno Mombello Longo F. (2006): La malattia cronica in medicina tradizionale cinese; Atti del 53° Congresso Nazionale S.C.I.V.A.C.; 27-30 Maggio 2006, Rimini, 226-227 Longo F. (2004): Formule magistrali in agopuntura veterinaria; Atti del 48° Congresso Nazionale S.C.I.V.A.C.”; 27-30 Maggio 2004, Rimini, 226–227 Longo F. (2007): Medicina Veterinaria Tradizionale Cinese; in P. Pignattelli: Medicina Veterinaria Non Convenzionale; Edagricole – Il Sole 24 Ore, Bologna, 115-153 Longo F., Canavesio E., Giommi D.W. (2003): Effetti antistress dell’agopuntura nel cavallo; in Longo: Agopuntura Veterinaria – Evidenze Cliniche; GMT2000, Laveno Mombello Longo F.(2006): Diagnosi e terapia delle patologie ortopediche nel cavallo; in Atti del I Congresso V.A.M., 29 – 30/Set – 1/Ott 2006, Barcelona Longo F. (2007): Gestione della riproduzione equina mediante agopuntura; in Atti del II Congresso V.A.M., 28 – 30/Set 2007, Nice Longo F. (2008): Tai Yang e Du Mai : movimento e cute nel cavallo; in Atti del III Congresso V.A.M., 25 – 27 Aprile 2008, Mallorca Mayr G., Longo F. (2010): Il trattamento delle ferite mediante agopuntura; in Atti del workshop “wound care in veterinaria: stato dell’arte e proposte per il futuro”, II congresso A.I.U.C. ‘Laboratorio Ulcere Cutanee’, 17 Aprile 2010, Padova Shaojiu L. (2005): Akupunktur bei Neurologischesn Störungen, Urban & Fischer München – Jena Trotter G.W. (2008): Acupuncture – Application in Performance Horse Practice; Veterinary European Equine Meeting, Venice – Cremona 2008 Wennerstrand J. et alii (2004): Kinematics Evaluation of the back in the Sport Horse with back pain; Equine Vet Journal

43. Francesco LONGO - Margherita GAZZOLA 谢谢 www.siav-itvas.org PAIN THERAPY BY ACUPUNCTURE IN SPORT HORSES