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CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 4. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM PART III. 3) APPENDAGE #3 NAILS. LIVING SKIN CELLS 1) PARTS: FREE EDGE, BODY (ATTACHED VISIBLE PART), ROOT (EMBEDDED IN SKIN) 2) TRANSPARENT AND NEARLY COLORLESS, LOOK PINK BECAUSE OF RICH BLOOD SUPPLY UNDERNEATH

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CHAPTER 4

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  1. CHAPTER 4 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM PART III

  2. 3) APPENDAGE #3 NAILS • LIVING SKIN CELLS • 1) PARTS: FREE EDGE, BODY (ATTACHED VISIBLE PART), ROOT (EMBEDDED IN SKIN) • 2) TRANSPARENT AND NEARLY COLORLESS, LOOK PINK BECAUSE OF RICH BLOOD SUPPLY UNDERNEATH • 3) LANULA—WHITE CRESCENT AT BASE OF NAIL. LOOKS WHITE BECAUSE HIDES BLOOD VESSELS BENEATH (IT’S THICKER)

  3. 5) THICK PROXIMAL NAIL FOLD—CUTICLE • LOWEST LAYER OF CELLS COMPOSE NAI FOLDS AND IS CALLED GENERAL MATRIX—IF THESE CELLS ARE SERIOUSLY DAMAGED THE WHOLE NAIL IS LOST

  4. III. SKIN DISORDERS • A) ATHLETE’S FOOT: ITCHY RED PEELING CONDITION BETWEEN TOES, FROM FUNGUS INFECTION

  5. B) BOILS AND CARBUNCLES • INFLAMMATIONOF HAIR FOLLICLES AND SEBACEOUS GLANDS, COMMON ON FRONT OF NECK

  6. C) COLD SORES OR FEVER BLISTERS • CAUSED BY HERPES SIMPLEX (HSV-1) INFECTION; THE VIRUS IS LOCALIZED IN A CUTANEOUS NERVE AND JUST SITS THERE UNTIL YOU GET STRESSED OR HAVE A FEVER OR TOO MUCH SUN • FYI: GENITAL HERPES—HSV-2

  7. D) CONTACT DERMATITIS • ITCHING, REDNESS WHICH LEADS TO BLISTER FORMATION; CAUSED BY CHEMICALS CAUSING AN ALLERGIC REACTION (EX. POISON IVY)

  8. E) IMPETIGO • PINK, WATER FILLED RAISED LESIONS, DEVELOP A YELLOW CRUST AND THEN RUPTURE, CAUSED BY HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS STAPH INFECTION • LOOKS SORT OF LIKE CHICKENPOX

  9. F) PSORIASIS • REDDENED EPIDERMAL LESIONS COVERED WITH DRY SILVERY SCALES; CAN BE HEREDITARY IN SOME CASES, OTHERWISE CAUSE UNKNOWN, TRIGGERED BY STRESS, HORMONAL CHANGES

  10. G) OTHER ***** • HEMANGIOMA-ABNORMAL BLOOD VESSEL DISTRIBUTION, NEAR SURFACE • PETECHIAE-PINHEAD SPOTS, LOCAL HEMMORHAGE OF SMALL BLD VESSELS • MILIARIA-HEAT RASH • SHINGLES-CHICKEN POX VIRUS…

  11. PART IV. BURNS

  12. PART V. SKIN CANCER • A) MOST SKIN TUMORS ARE BENIGN AND DO NOT SPREAD • B) SOME ARE MALIGNANT 1) BASAL CELL CARCINOMA-LEAST MALIGNANT, MOST COMMON, PRETTY SLOW GROWING, CELLS OF STRATUM GERMINATIVUM ARE ALTERED AND CAN’T FORM KERATIN SO THERE’S NO BOUNDARY BETWEEN DERMIS AND EPIDERMIS ON SUN EXPOSED AREAS OF FACE

  13. 2) SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA • ALSO FROM CELLS OF STRATUM GERMINATIVUM, BUT NOT THOSE TOUCHING BASEMENT MEMBRANE—ON SCALP, EARS, LOWER LIP. GROWS RAPIDLY AND SPREADS IN LYMPH NODES IF NOT REMOVED; BELIEVED TO BE SUN INDUCED’ LESION IS SCALY AND RED AND RAISED AND FORMS SHALLOW ULCER W/ FIRM BORDER (RAISED)

  14. 3) MALIGNANT MELANOMA • ABOUT 5% OF SKIN CANCERS • CAN BEGIN WHERE THERE’S PIGMENT • USUALLY APPEARS AS A SPREADING BLACK OR BROWN MOLE • SURROUNDS LYMPH AND BLD VESSELS • USE ABCD RULE

  15. ABCD RULE

  16. VI.OTHER • BABIES • LANUGO-5-6 MONTH FETUS HAIR • VERNIX CASEOSA-WHITE, CHEESY-FROM SEBACEOUS GLANDS-PROTECTS SKIN WHILE IN MOM

  17. 3) MILIA SMALL WHITE SPOTS, “BABY ACNE”, sometimes called “milk bumps”

  18. B) ALOPECIA • HAIR THINS • USUALLY DUE TO STRESS

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