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Grounding the Ontology on the Semantic Interpretation Algorithm

Grounding the Ontology on the Semantic Interpretation Algorithm. Fernando Gomez School of Computer Science University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida. Motivation. The changes to the WordNet 1.6 ontology have come about as the result of:

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Grounding the Ontology on the Semantic Interpretation Algorithm

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  1. Grounding the Ontology on the Semantic Interpretation Algorithm Fernando Gomez School of Computer Science University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida

  2. Motivation • The changes to the WordNet 1.6 ontology have come about as the result of: • Defining verb predicates for most Wordnet verb classes • Implementing an algorithm that uses the predicates to determine verb meaning, semantic roles, adjuncts attach prepositional phrases and interpret deverbal nominalizations

  3. Defining Predicates Valid Across Domains/Corpora • The selectional restrictions in the predicates are WordNet noun ontology categories • The selectional restrictions should be valid across any domain • By “valid” is meant that the algorithm using the predicate definitions should determine verb meaning, semantic roles, etc. in most sentences selected randomly from a given corpus

  4. Failing to Interpret and the Ontology • Some Examples: • France invaded Russia in 1812. • She burned the letters. • The fish hides in a crevice. • Blood flew from the wound. • The hurricane pushed the fleet into the rocks. • She was born on a plantation at Grand Riviere. • He spent money on foolish projects. • She buried the money under the tree.

  5. Physical-Thing (entity1) • Physical-Thing(entity1) • Location (location1) • Physical-object (object1) • Substance (substance1) • Physical-Group • Physical-Process -> Process • Natural-Phenomenon -> Phenomenon

  6. Physical-Object • Physical-Object(object1,exceptsubstance1andlocation1) • Physical-part (part7) • Plant-Part(plant-part1) -> ANIMATE • Animal-Body-Part(body-part1) -> ANI • Animate (life-form1) • Artifact (artifact1)

  7. Artifact1 • This concept has undergone few changes except for: • Structure1 Location • Some hyponyms  Organization • Building1(tavern, library, hotel, restaurant …) • Examples: “The restaurant hired a new chef.” “The library has acquired 300 new books.”

  8. Location (Location1) • District ((district1)(territory2)) Organization • State-or-Province (state2) Organization • Country ((country1) (state3))  Organization • Continent (continent1)  Organization • Residential-DistrictOrganization (residential_district1)

  9. Modifications to Group1 • Physical-Group is formed by all those concepts under group1 which are a collection of physical things, e.g., fleet, flora, fauna … • “The hurricane pushed the fleet into the rocks.” • Social_Group1 Human-Agent

  10. Abstraction (abstraction6) • Possession2 (unique concept in WN) • Psychological-Feature1 (unique in WN) • Property (property2, property4) • Relation (relation1) • Space (space1) • Time

  11. Possession (possession2) • Debt_Instrument1 (junkbond, notereceivable, etc.) has been made a subconcept of Possession and Written-Communication • Some hyponyms have been extracted: territory2 (dominion, province …) and real_property1 (hacienda, plantation .) • Some concepts have been been tangled to Physical-Thing (property1, belongings, etc.)

  12. Communication • Act-of-Communicating (communication1, has act2 as hypernym in WN) • Something-Communicated (communication2 a hyponym of social_relation1  relation1 in WN) • Written-Communication  Physical-Thing • Print-Media (print_media1, a hyponym of artifact1 in WN)

  13. Space (space1) • Space (space1) • Mathematical-Space (space2) • Empty-Area (space3)  Location • Outer-Space (space5)  Location Note: space3 is not a subconcept of location in WN and space5 is not a subconcept of space in WN.

  14. Time • Time • time-continuum (time5) • time-unit (time_unit1)  Measure • time-period (time-period1) • indefinite-period(time2) • time-interval(time-interval1) • clock-time (clock-time1)

  15. Psychological-Feature (Psychological-Feature1) • Psychological-State  state4 • Cognitive-StateState4 • Personal-Trait (trait1) Abstraction6 Note: These concepts have become subconcepts of psychological_feature1

  16. Quantity (quantity2) • Mathematical-Quantity (quantity3, a hyponym of psychological-feature in WN) • Measure • Measure-Quantum (measure3) • Measurement (measure1) • Magnitude-relation(magnitude-relation1)

  17. Process(process2) • Physical-Process  Physical-Thing • Natural-Process • Cognitive-Process  Psychological-Feature • Unconscious-Process (process5) • Psychoanalytic-Process Note: Process5, and Cognitive-Process have Psychological-Feature as hypernym in WN, not Process, while Psychoanalytic-Process has only process

  18. Unique Upper-Level Concepts • Physical-Thing (entity1) • Abstraction (abstraction6) • Action (action1) • State-R (state4) • Event (event1) • Process (process2) • Phenomenon (phenomenon1)

  19. Conclusions • We have explained some reorganizations and changes to the WN 1.6 upper-level ontology • These modifications have been dictated by a semantic interpretation algorithm • These modifications are within the principles that inspire WN noun ontology and can be easily integrated within it.

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