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Boundless Lecture Slides

Boundless Lecture Slides. Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com. Using Boundless Presentations. Boundless Teaching Platform

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Boundless Lecture Slides

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  1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  4. Which Test? A Closer Look at Tests of Significance A Closer Look at Tests of Significance ] A Closer Look at Tests of Significance Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  5. A Closer Look at Tests of Significance > Which Test? Which Test? • Descriptive or Inferential Statistics? • Hypothesis Tests or Confidence Intervals? • Quantitative or Qualitative Data? • One, Two, or More Groups? Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/statistics/textbooks/boundless-statistics-textbook/a-closer-look-at-tests-of-significance-14/which-test-64/

  6. A Closer Look at Tests of Significance > A Closer Look at Tests of Significance A Closer Look at Tests of Significance • Was the Result Significant? • Data Snooping: Testing Hypotheses Once You've Seen the Data • Was the Result Important? • The Role of the Model • Does the Difference Prove the Point? Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/statistics/textbooks/boundless-statistics-textbook/a-closer-look-at-tests-of-significance-14/a-closer-look-at-tests-of-significance-65/

  7. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  8. A Closer Look at Tests of Significance Key terms • alternative hypothesisa rival hypothesis to the null hypothesis, whose likelihoods are compared by a statistical hypothesis test • central limit theoremThe theorem that states: If the sum of independent identically distributed random variables has a finite variance, then it will be (approximately) normally distributed. • confidence intervalA type of interval estimate of a population parameter used to indicate the reliability of an estimate. • covariatea variable that is possibly predictive of the outcome under study • data snoopingthe inappropriate (sometimes deliberately so) use of data mining to uncover misleading relationships in data • descriptive statisticsA branch of mathematics dealing with summarization and description of collections of data sets, including the concepts of arithmetic mean, median, and mode. • hypothesis testA test that defines a procedure that controls the probability of incorrectly deciding that a default position (null hypothesis) is incorrect based on how likely it would be for a set of observations to occur if the null hypothesis were true. • inferential statisticsA branch of mathematics that involves drawing conclusions about a population based on sample data drawn from it. • null hypothesisA hypothesis set up to be refuted in order to support an alternative hypothesis; presumed true until statistical evidence in the form of a hypothesis test indicates otherwise. • null hypothesisA hypothesis set up to be refuted in order to support an alternative hypothesis; presumed true until statistical evidence in the form of a hypothesis test indicates otherwise. • null hypothesisA hypothesis set up to be refuted in order to support an alternative hypothesis; presumed true until statistical evidence in the form of a hypothesis test indicates otherwise. • p-valueThe probability of obtaining a test statistic at least as extreme as the one that was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  9. A Closer Look at Tests of Significance • qualitativeof descriptions or distinctions based on some quality rather than on some quantity • quantitativeof a measurement based on some quantity or number rather than on some quality • Simple Random SamplingMethod where each individual is chosen randomly and entirely by chance, such that each individual has the same probability of being chosen at any stage during the sampling process, and each subset of k individuals has the same probability of being chosen for the sample as any other subset of k individuals. • statistical significanceA measure of how unlikely it is that a result has occurred by chance. • statistical significanceA measure of how unlikely it is that a result has occurred by chance. • t-testAny statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student's -distribution if the null hypothesis is supported. • Type I errorRejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true. • z-testAny statistical test for which the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis can be approximated by a normal distribution. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  10. A Closer Look at Tests of Significance P-Values A graphical depiction of the meaning of p-values. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."P-value Graph."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P-value_Graph.pngView on Boundless.com

  11. A Closer Look at Tests of Significance t Distribution Plots of the t distribution for several different degrees of freedom. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Student t pdf."CC BY-SAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Student_t_pdf.svgView on Boundless.com

  12. A Closer Look at Tests of Significance Confidence Interval This graph illustrates a 90% confidence interval on a standard normal curve. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Confidence Interval 90P."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Confidence_Interval_90P.pngView on Boundless.com

  13. A Closer Look at Tests of Significance Types of Errors This table depicts the difference types of errors in significance testing. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Type I error."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_I_error%23Type_I_errorView on Boundless.com

  14. A Closer Look at Tests of Significance Box Plot The box plot is a graphical depiction of descriptive statistics. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Michelsonmorley-boxplot."CC BY-SAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michelsonmorley-boxplot.svgView on Boundless.com

  15. A Closer Look at Tests of Significance One-Sample -Test This formula will calculate a t-statistic for a one-sample t-test, where x(bar) = sample mean, mu = population mean, s = sample standard deviation and n = sample size. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Statistical hypothesis testing."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_testingView on Boundless.com

  16. A Closer Look at Tests of Significance -Values A graphical depiction of the meaning of -values. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."P-value Graph."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P-value_Graph.pngView on Boundless.com

  17. A Closer Look at Tests of Significance -Values A graphical depiction of the meaning of -values. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."P-value Graph."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P-value_Graph.pngView on Boundless.com

  18. A Closer Look at Tests of Significance One-Sample Z-Test This formula will calculate a z-statistic for use in a one-sample z-test, where x(bar) = sample mean, mu = population mean, sigma = population standard deviation, and n = sample size. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Statistical hypothesis testing."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_testingView on Boundless.com

  19. A Closer Look at Tests of Significance Attribution • Wiktionary."statistical significance."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/statistical_significance • Wiktionary."null hypothesis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/null_hypothesis • Wikipedia."Statistical significance."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_significance • Wikipedia."data snooping."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/data%20snooping • Wikipedia."Type I error."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20I%20error • Wikipedia."Data-snooping bias."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data-snooping_bias • Wikipedia."Statistical significance."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_significance • Wikipedia."Testing hypotheses suggested by the data."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testing_hypotheses_suggested_by_the_data • Wiktionary."statistical significance."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/statistical_significance • Wiktionary."null hypothesis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/null_hypothesis • Wikipedia."Statistical significance."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_significance • Wiktionary."covariate."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/covariate • Wikipedia."Simple Random Sampling."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple%20Random%20Sampling • Wikipedia."Statistical inference."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_inference • Wiktionary."alternative hypothesis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alternative_hypothesis • Wiktionary."null hypothesis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/null_hypothesis • Wikipedia."p-value."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/p-value Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  20. A Closer Look at Tests of Significance • Wikipedia."Statistical hypothesis testing."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_testing • Wiktionary."descriptive statistics."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/descriptive_statistics • Wiktionary."inferential statistics."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inferential_statistics • Wikipedia."Descriptive statistics."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptive_statistics • Wikipedia."Statistical inference."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_inference • Wiktionary."confidence interval."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/confidence_interval • Wikipedia."hypothesis test."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hypothesis%20test • Wikispaces."statknowledge - Skill 21.2."CC BY-SAhttp://statknowledge.wikispaces.com/Skill+21.2 • Wikipedia."Confidence interval."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_interval • Wiktionary."central limit theorem."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/central_limit_theorem • Wiktionary."qualitative."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/qualitative • Wiktionary."quantitative."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quantitative • Wikipedia."Qualitative research."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualitative_research • Wikipedia."Quantitative methods."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative_methods • Wikipedia."Student's t-test."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student's_t-test • Wikipedia."Z-test."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-test • Wikipedia."Pearson's chi-squared test."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson's_chi-squared_test • Wikipedia."t-test."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/t-test • Wikipedia."z-test."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/z-test Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  21. A Closer Look at Tests of Significance • Wikipedia."Statistical hypothesis testing."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_testing Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

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