1 / 28

EHAP Review Pt. 6

EHAP Review Pt. 6. 1945 - Present. Decolonization. Decolonization: post-WW II European nations could no longer maintain control of colonial empires British: 1947: India declared independence 1947: Br. withdrew from Palestine

dinh
Télécharger la présentation

EHAP Review Pt. 6

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. EHAP Review Pt. 6 1945 - Present

  2. Decolonization • Decolonization: post-WW II European nations could no longer maintain control of colonial empires British: • 1947: India declared independence • 1947: Br. withdrew from Palestine • 1956: Egypt “nationalized”Suez Canal from Br. (USSR pledged aid to Egypt) • 1950-60’s: Br. lost rest of Africa French: • lost Indo-China (Vietnam) & N. Africa (Algeria) Netherlands: lost Dutch E. Indies (Indonesia)

  3. Decolonization

  4. The Cold War • Diplomatic crisis b/n U.S. (& its Western “bloc” allies) & U.S.S.R. (& its Eastern bloc) • problems from end of WW II • 1946: Churchhill called Soviet domination of E. Europe the “Iron Curtain” • communist puppet gov’ts in E. Europe • Poland: 1947 • Czechoslovakia: 1948 • Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, and Yugoslavia: 1946-47

  5. THE IRON CURTAIN “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the continent.” - Winston Churchill March 5, 1946

  6. The West Takes a Stand • USSR supported communist rebels in Greece & Turkey • Truman Doctrine: U.S. would provide aid to any free nation to fight communism Military Alliances: • Western Bloc: NATO (1949) North Atlantic Treaty Organization to protect W. Europe from USSR • Eastern Bloc: Warsaw Pact (1955) to protect E. Europe from capitalist influence • Marshall Plan (1947-1951): U.S. provided $9.4 billion to rebuild W. Europe

  7. Symbols of the Cold War

  8. Division of Germany • At Potsdam Conference: • Germany divided b/n “West” & “East” • Spring, 1948: Stalin refused to reunify the zones • Berlin Blockade: Stalin blocked off W. Berlin • Allies responded w/ massive airlift to supply W. Berlin • W. Ger. became: Federal Republic of Ger. • E. Ger.: Ger. Democratic Republic (Soviet puppet state)

  9. W. Germany • By 1950’s: W. Ger. had stable 2-party democracy • Christian Democratic Union (CDU) • Social Democratic Party (SPD) • Chancellor Willy Brandt (SPD): process called Ostpolitik, to open diplomacy w/ E. Ger.

  10. Post-war Italy • new constitution: • ended monarchy • created democratic republic • 2 major parties: • Communists • Christian Democratic Party

  11. Post-war France • 4th French Republic: • many small parties • Female suffrage 1946 • 5th French Republic (1958): using crisis in Algeria, DeGaulle created 5th Rep. (giving Pres. much more power)

  12. Economic Recovery in W. Europe • Marshall Plan: led to post-WW II economic boom in W. Eur. (until early 1970’s) • Gov’ts created social welfare programs: “cradle-to-grave” protection

  13. Post-war Great Britain • Labor Party: focused on social welfare programs Reforms: • nationalized the Bank of England • nationalized railways, airlines, coal & steel industries • old-age pensions • unemployment insurance • National Health Service

  14. Costs of Reform • High taxes to pay for reforms • Margaret Thatcher (Br. PM): rollback of welfare “nanny” state • by 1990’s W. Europe less economically competitive in era of “globalization”

  15. European Integration Economic Integration: • 1951: European Coal & Steel Community • 1958: European Common Market (EEC) eliminated barriers to trade • 1962: European Parliament • European Union: created by Maastrict Treaty (1992) & defined economic, political, military roles • established common currency: Euro (1999) • EXPANSION EASTWARD

  16. European Union

  17. E. European “Satellite” States • Warsaw Pact: military control by USSR • COMECON: economic control • Berlin Wall built in 1961: to stop E. Ger. Refugees Resistance against Soviets: • 1956: Polish revolts suppressed by USSR • 1956: Imre Nagy of Hungary encouraged reforms… • brutal suppression by Soviets • 1968: Prague Spring led by Alexander Dubcek in Czech. (“socialism w/ a human face”) • 1978: Polish Pope John Paul II • led to Polish Solidarity Movement against USSR

  18. “De-Stalinization” • 1953: Nikita Khrushchev took control after Stalin’s death • 1956: Khruschev announced “destalinization” • condemned Stalin’s crimes • increased tension w/ U.S. (i.e.: Cuban Missile Crisis) • Kruschev adopted “détente” policy of dialogue w/ U.S. *Brezhnev replaced Khruschev in 1964 until his death in 1982: pursued policy of “New Cold War”

  19. Soviet Failures & Reforms • Failed invasion of Afghanistan (1979) & Chernobyl nuclear accident • Reform policies of Mikhail Gorbachev: • Glasnost: political “openness” • Perestroika: free-market reforms Series of revolutions started in 1989: • Fall of Berlin Wall (reunification of Ger.) • Romania: executed brutal dictator Ceausescu on Christmas Day, 1989

  20. Revolution in Russia • Satellite states in E. Europe & C. Asia separated • August 1991: hard-line communists staged a coup against Gorb. • Boris Yeltsin against hardliners • Aug. 1991-Dec. 1991: more break-away Soviet republics • December 1991: USSR dissolved & Gorb. resigned

  21. Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

  22. Yugoslavia • Yugoslavia: formed post-WW I (fall of Ottomans) • Post WW II: under control of Josip Broz (Tito) • Communist dictator • Ethnic rivalries: Serbs, Bosnians, Croats, Slovenes • Tito controlled rivalries until his death • 1991: Slovenia & Croatia seceded • Bosnian Muslims feared Serbs & seceded • war b/n Bosnian Serbs & Bosnian Muslims • Serbs supported by Yugo. gov’t

  23. Slobodan Milosevic • Yugoslav Pres. Milosevic: policy of “ethnic cleansing” Serbs against Muslims • U.S. & NATO nations attack Serbs • Dayton Accords of 1995 • U.N. war crimes trials against Milosevic • Kosovo crisis (1999): Serbs ran ethnic Albanians out of Kosovo

More Related