Implementing the Respiratory Directive

1. Implementing the Respiratory Directive Claire Hurlin Clinical and Service Lead CCM Carmarthenshire Locality Hywel Dda LHB

2. Primary Care Pathway for COPD • Better Breathing Project

3. The aims of the pathway are: • Delivery of consistent high-quality care • Reduction in unnecessary variation in practice • Implementation of evidence-based care • Structured documentation • Reinforcement of accountabilities • To facilitate communication & audit

4. The Initial Pilot in Primary Care • Local GP devised a computer (MSS InPS Vision clinical system) based template for use in her practice • Built on this work to develop pathway • A Practice Nurse involved in care of patients with COPD was needed to work with, and evaluate the use of, the template during consultations, over a 3 month period • Practice Nurse since 1990 • Tumble Surgery in the Amman Gwendraeth Valley • 4 GPs, one with responsibility for Respiratory Disease • 7,200 patients • 188 patients on the COPD register – prevalence of 2.6%

5. Current management of patients with COPD QOF REQUIREMENTS • Register of patients with a diagnosis of COPD • Confirmed by spirometry with reversibility • Smoking Status • Smoking Cessation advice • FEV1 • Inhaler technique • Flu vaccination

7. DORIS • In 1990, she died a premature death from COPD aged 60 years, alone in a hospital ward in the middle of the night, her family were at home in bed thinking that she was recovering from this recent exacerbation • Years of untreated anxiety and depression - COPD had sapped her ability to look forward to anything • Virtually housebound

8. Had been a heavy smoker for many years, but quit 8 years before she died • BMI of 18 • No offer of any help from outside agencies until after she died • Yo-yo’d between home and hospital with exacerbations for 4 years prior to death • She saw her son married, but did not live long enough to see her grandchildren born

9. ICP TEMPLATE • Colour coded sections • Diagnosis • Exception reporting Unsuitable Dissent • Significant History

10. HCA Plan • Primary Language • Interpreter needed • Family History of Note • Home Situation • Occupation • Carer Details Housebound On Home O2

11. Smoking History Record smoking status EVERY YEAR for non-smokers until 26 years, and ex smokers annually until 3 years non smoking • Smoking History • Passive Smoking Smoking Cessation Advice PACK YEARS = NUMBER SMOKED x NUMBER OF YEARS SMOKED, DIVIDED BY 20 CIGARS – 1 HAVANA = 5 CIGS 1 HAMLET = 3 CIGS 1 SMALL CIGAR = 2 CIGS TOBACCO FOR ROLL UPS 25gms = 50 cigs

12. Pack Years • Referred to Smoking Counsellor • OTC NRT • Refused smoking help • Smoking review not indicated • Weight Height Waist Circumference • BP

13. PRACTICE NURSE SECTION • ADVICE RE EXERCISE – Encourage all COPD patients to exercise within limits of disease. Consider referral to exercise scheme for mild COPD patients. Consider referral to Pulmonary Rehabilitation for moderate – severe COPD • ADVICE RE DIET – Consider referral to dietitian if BMI <20 • REFER TO DIETITIAN • EXACERBATIONS • ACUTE EXACERBATION • SYMPTOMS • SPUTUM EXAMINATION • List of symptoms in green

14. INHALER TECHNIQUE • Inhaler technique good • Inhaler technique poor • PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS • PEFR • SPIROMETRY – • NB: For QOF purposes, COPD diagnosed where FEV1 <70% FEV1/FVC ratio <70%

15. SPIROMETRY CONTRA INDICATED/DECLINED NOT INDICATED • REVERSIBILITY TEST RESULTS • Reversible airway obstruction • Irreversible airway obstruction • STEROID TRIAL - protocol

16. RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS • MRC DYSPNOEA SCALE • PATIENT PROGRESS • EXCELLENT • FAIR • SLIGHT • SELF MANAGEMENT PLAN GIVEN • IMMUNISATIONS • ANXIETY & DEPRESSION • Same 2 questions asked in QOF

17. GP CONSULTATION NEW DIAGNOSIS • MILD = 50 – 80% • MODERATE = 30 – 49% • SEVERE = <30% • ASTHMA • EMPHYSEMA

18. EXAMINATION • O/E Chest • Peripheral Cyanosis • Central Cyanosis • SAO (swelling of ankles) • Acute Cor Pulmonale • Chronic • O/E Heart

19. TEST RESULTS • CXR CXR REQUESTED • ECG • ECHO – lots of info for clinicians to follow • Pulse Oximetry O2 saturation • Alpha 1 Anti-Trypsin Test – Think of doing this test if patient has FH, early onset of symptoms, or minimal smoking history

20. COPD REVIEW • COPD self management plan given • annual review done • follow up review done • frequency of exacerbations • nutritional state • depressed? -

21. REFERRALS • Dietician • CDM Team • Expert Patient Programme • Pulmonary Rehabilitation • Chest Physician • Occupational Therapy • Oxygen assessment

22. PULMONARY REHABILITATION • Started Rehabilitation • Finished Rehabilitation

23. MEDICATION REVIEW • Medication Review • Medication Review with Patient

24. PALLIATIVE CARE PATHWAY On Palliative Care Pathway • Consider all patients with end-stage illness including dementia, COPD, LVF etc. Include in the register if any of the following apply: • Death predicted in the next 12 months • Clinical indicator of need for palliative care • DS1500 issued • DS1500 completed • Medication Changed/Review/Review with Patient • Drug Dose altered Drug Stopped

25. CARE PLAN • Preferred Place of death discussed with family • Preferred Place of death discussed with patient

26. USEFUL CONTACT NUMBERS • District Nurses • Macmillan • Cross Roads • ART • Canllaw • CDM Team

27. DO WE NEED AN ICP? BENEFITS TO PATIENTS • It will avoid duplicating questions patients are repeatedly asked at reviews • It will avoid conflicting advice • Patients will be offered all necessary services that are available • Offers them a better say in their management • Allows the right steps to be taken at the right time • Provides a robust method of capturing the patients journey of care • Clinical details are contained within one template

28. BENEFITS TO CLINICIANS • Clinicians will know where the patient is on their journey of care – includes prompts for guidance • In Primary Care, all clinical details needed at a consultation are on the one template • Clinicians will all be “singing from the same hymn sheet” • Mini protocols/guidelines are included (the red text added in), facilitating accuracy and consistency in our care • Efficient use of staffing resources • Since the ICP provides a step by step guide to care management, nurses who have not undertaken education and training specifically relating to COPD, feel confident to undertake the COPD clinics.

29. Benefits continued: • Since the ICP captures patient information in a consistent way, questions which were previously repeated during reviews do not need to be asked. • Systematic provision of advice and information • The BLF self management plan and ICP provide robust, evidenced-based information that can be repeated and reinforced as required. • Referrals to other services are recorded and monitored

30. DORIS • In 2009, she died, aged 79, a peaceful death having been implemented on to the COPD ICP when first diagnosed allowing her to self manage, have the support of relevant services and when the time came placed on the end of life pathway allowing her to die in the place of here choice – home with her family surrounding her.

31. Towards the last 5 years of her life it was noted through the ICP that she was depressed and commenced on the relevant treatment. Although she was virtually housebound a team of relevant support staff had been implemented allowing her to stay at home, supported by an identified case manager who linked all her care together As well as seeing her son married she had seen both the grandchildren born

32. Outcomes from Pilot • Pilot showed 86% of patients had fewer exacerbations after they had started on the pathway • There were 57% fewer exacerbations post pathway • 43% patients received a change in their management plan as a direct result of starting on the pathway improvements include: A reduction in GP appointments Appropriate changes in management plan A reduction in exacerbations

33. Next steps 1. A template which will enable the care pathway to be used on other primary care clinical systems has been developed. 2. Development of a report to include all of the clinical information in the care pathway which can be printed and sent with referral letters. This will avoid duplication of tests and improve continuation of care management between primary and secondary care. 3. Roll-out of the pilot to other practices within the health community. 4. Improvements to the self management plan have been identified and feedback given to BLF.

34. Better Breathing Project Home telemonitoring does not affect quality of life in stable COPD K.E.Lewis, D.E.Warm, S.E.Rees, C.Hurlin, H.Blyth, S.Yasir, L.Lewis, J. Annandale Randomised control trial

35. Aim: • To see if home telemonitors reduce healthcare use in those with optimized chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

36. Primary Outcome • to test whether home monitoring is feasible and safe for patients with moderate to severe COPD. Secondary outcome measures were also examined: • Does home telehealth reduce respiratory hospital admissions? • Does home telehealth reduce CDMT visits? • Does home telehealth improve quality of life and mood? • Is home telehealth cost effective?

37. Inclusion criteria • Moderate/severe COPD 1 • 12/18 sessions OPD pulmonary rehabilitation • Known to Community COPD Team • Telephone point

38. Procedure randomised n=20 Baseline QoL n=20 Baseline QoL Docobo 6 months Standard care 6 months QoL 4 & 25 wks QoL 4 & 25 wks Standard care 6 months Standard care 6 months QoL 30 & 52 weeks QoL 30 & 52 weeks

39. Telemonitors Freephone download at 2 am daily Next day review by COPD Team Docobo HUB (Bookham, UK)

40. From 0600 to 1200 Awake at night Wheeze Cough Breathlessness Daily activities Temperature Saturations & HR From 12.01 to 2300 Breathless Wheeze Sputum Reliever use Saturations & HR Data collection

41. Data collection-contd. • Better / same / worse / much worse • Temp >38° C • Pulse >120 bpm If 2 or more alerts then automated e-mail sent to respiratory nurses

44. Median 96% (mean 98%) of total available data uploaded

45. Overall project: To assess the safety and feasibility of telehealth home care in COPD in a UK healthcare system. • Safe – YES • Well used – YES well received by patients with all reporting that it was easy to use and the twice daily questions easy to answer. • no reported adverse events and the 2 deaths and 1 withdrawal were unrelated to telehealth device use.

46. Results Detailed analysis of the data showed • were fewer primary care contacts for chest problems (p<0.03) in the TH group • No differences between the groups in A&E visits, hospital admissions, days in hospital or contacts to the specialist COPD community nurse team, during the monitoring period.

47. 3.After the monitors were removed, there were no differences between the groups for any of the health care contacts. 4.The quality of life scores using the ED-5D and SGRQ questionnaires were not significantly different between the TH and control groups at any of the administrative intervals examined.

48. Discussion • Patient selection • Optimal treatment and support • Few exacerbations and hospital admissions • Size of study • Small numbers, short time period • Outcomes • Quality of life scores appropriate

49. Next Steps • Bigger Randomised Control Trialss • Less stable group of patients • Refused or cannot do PR • Frequent exacerbations and admissions • Severe dual pathology • Alternative technology

50. A follow-on research project is now underway to provide better evidence of cost-effectiveness and robust testing of the delivery model so that recommendations for a sustainable telehealth and telecare model can be implemented across health and social services in Wales.