A New Kind of Revolution

1. A New Kind of Revolution Chapter 12 lesson 2

2. The Industrial Revolution revolution – • the action of going around an object in an orbit or elliptical pattern • to spin one time covering 360° • a sudden and complete change • an event that causes change in politics or society

3. The Industrial Revolution • The Industrial Revolution was not a war or a fight, but a change in the way we complete work in our country. • Before the Industrial Revolution, goods from clothes, to tools, and wagons were handmade. • This process took a lot of time and a lot of work. Because of this, goods were more expensive.

5. The Industrial Revolution • The invention of machines helped businesses make goods faster and more cheaply. • People were employed to work in factories and run the machines. • Years of training learning a craft or skill was no longer necessary. Workers only needed to know how to work their machine.

7. Britain Started It! • The Industrial Revolution started in Britain in the middle 1700’s. • In 1790, in Pawtucket Rhode Island, Samuel Slater built the first cotton-spinning mill, or factory, in the United States.

8. Slater used the flow of river water to power his mill. The currents of river water turned giant water wheels, which were attached to belts and gears that set the machines in motion.

10. Samuel Slater’s Spinning Frame

12. Francis Cabot Lowell, a Boston merchant, decided to bring all the states in cloth-making together. • Spinning thread, weaving cloth, and dyeing it would all be done in one place, a large factory.

13. Lowell chose the town of Waltham, Massachusetts (later renamed Lowell) to build his factory because it had a river to power the factory and it had a source of cheap and plentiful labor nearby. • Young women who lived on farms in the countryside came to work in the factory. These women had few skills outside farm work and household tasks. • “Mill Girls” could be trained to work the machinery and complete a single task over and over.

18. Open your textbook to page 409 • Read page 409. • Create a timeline of important events on this page.

19. Inventions Change Factories and Farms • The new mills of New England made cloth. • The cloth was made from cotton plants. • Cotton was grown in the South on plantations. • Slaves were used to work plantations to plant and harvest the cotton. What relationship can be made between factories and slavery?

21. Inventions Change Factories and Farms Cotton was known as “King Cotton” because it ruled the South’s economy. What would happen to the economy if there was a drought? A bumper-crop?

22. Inventions Change Factories and Farms • A young New Englander, named Eli Whitney, gave the cotton industry a big boost. • Whitney invented the cotton gin. • This machine easily and quickly cleaned the seeds out of the cotton.

29. Open your textbook to page 410 Look at the chart titled “Cotton Production in the United States, 1800-1850”

30. Inventions Change Factories and Farms Mills in the Northern states demanded more and more cotton for the factories. Plantations expanded to be able to provide the cotton they needed. Because plantations became larger, more slaves were needed to work on the plantations.

31. Inventions Change Factories and Farms • Before the 1830’s, farm workers harvested wheat by swinging a long blade.

32. Inventions Change Factories and Farms In 1831, Cyrus Mc Cormick developed a horse-drawn mechanical reaper that could do the job more easily.

34. Inventions Change Factories and Farms • These new machines meant Americans could produce more goods, often at a lower price. • More goods and more food meant more products for the people at home and for trade. • This was making America a wealthier nation, but our dependence on slavery was growing with our wealth

35. Open your textbook to page 410. • Read page 410. • Add important events to the timeline you created for the previous section.

36. Moving Goods and People • America was making more manufactured and farm goods than ever before. • Now we needed a way to get these goods to market. • Settlers heading west also needed a better means of transportation.

37. In 1811, the federal government began building the National Road.

38. Eventually, it stretched from Cumberland, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois.

39. Illinois became a state 7 years after the road was completed. What effect did the road have on our state?

40. Travel along these roads was better but still difficult. Ruts, mud, bumpy roads made the journey uncomfortable and sometimes impossible.

41. Illinois became a state 7 years after the road was completed. What effect did the road have on our state? Rivers could provide smoother travel than roads.

42. Illinois became a state 7 years after the road was completed. What effect did the road have on our state? Boats powered by sails or oars had difficulty traveling upstream against the current..

43. Moving Goods and People • Robert Fulton, an American engineer, made a riverboat powered by a steam engine. • Now water transportation could carry people and goods much cheaper than on land.

44. In August of 1807, a crowd gathered to watch his boat, the Clermont, set off from New York City to Albany, New York. 32 hours later the Clermont arrived at Albany. It had taken 4 days for sailing ships to make the same trip.

45. Illinois became a state 7 years after the road was completed. What effect did the road have on our state? The problem with water transportation was that rivers did not flow in all parts of the country.

46. A canal is a ditch dug through the land and filled with water that connects other bodies of water together.