Missioni in Corso INTEGRAL: UN ANNO IN ORBITA XMM-NEWTON: QUATTRO ANNI DI SCIENZA

1. Missioni in Corso INTEGRAL: UN ANNO IN ORBITA XMM-NEWTON: QUATTRO ANNI DI SCIENZA Pietro Ubertini, IASF - Astrofisica Alte Energie

2. XMM-NEWTON: La seconda Corner Stone dell’ESA, previsto operare per 10 anni + INTEGRAL: M2 ora estesa fino a Dicembre 2008 • Principal Investigator per gli strumenti di piano focale, EPIC: G.F. Bignami (ora M. Turner), G. Villa: Project Manager, ora residente allo IASF/Roma • Dopo il successo scientifico e tecnologico di BeppoSAX il fondamentale contributo italiano a XMM/Newton e INTEGRAL e’ stata la naturale continuazione dell’impegno della nostra comunita’ scientifica delle alte energie. • rivelatori di piano focale (EPIC) e Tecnogia Italiana • per gli specchi dopo il fallimento della tecnologia CFRP proposta inizialmente da ESA. • IBIS, uno dei due main Instrument di dell’osservatorio, contributo allo Spettrometro e al monitor Jem X, fondamentale supporto al centro dati scientifici ISDC Epic Camera The Integral SPI

4. Jem X: HVPS, in-flight Calibrator, Collimator, Ground calbration facility IBIS: PI Institute (ISWT &CP), System team, Veto System, Calibration Unit, Mechanical ICD, Calibration SPI: PSAC EGSE

5. 1 mm W Hopper to limit the CdTe F.o.V. Programma INTEGRAL A Special Day: IBIS Delivery Laben, Milano, 14 Novembre 2001 Pietro Ubertini, IAS - L’Universo Invisibile Detection system 128x128 CdTe detectors Energy range 15-1000 keV 64x64 CsI detectors 3600cm2 Energy range 0.175-10 MeV Anticoincidence system 32 BGO slabs, 20 mm thick Read out by 64 PMs

6. Imaging system 1 Square meter mask, 200kg W IBIS total weight: > 850 kg

7. Science Objectives • Compact Objects(White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars, Black Hole Candidates, High Energy Transients) • Extragalactic Astronomy(Galaxies, Clusters, AGN, Seyferts, Blazars, Cosmic Diffuse Background) • Stellar Nucleosynthesis(Hydrostatic Nucleosynthesis, AGB, WR Stars) • Explosive Nucleosynthesis(Supernovae, Novae) • Galactic Structure(Cloud Complex Regions, Mapping of continuum and line emission, ISM, CR distribution) • The Galactic Centre • Particle Processes and Acceleration(Transrelativistic Pair Plasmas, Beams, Jets) • Identification of High Energy Sources(Unidentified Gamma-Ray Objects as a Class) • Gamma Ray Bursts • PLUS: Unexpected Discoveries

8. For the CP many research topics have been identified and subdivided in subtopics according with either source characteristics or energies. • IASF/Roma is responsible for : • 75% of the X-ray Burster , including new sources detected with INTEGRAL, • the total number of objects so far is 21 persistent sources, 16 transient ones and 7 objects for which only burst activity have been detected • Responsible Scientist A. Bazzano • 2. 50% of the bright Black hole system not triggering a ToO (<500 mCrab) • Responsible Scientist P. Ubertini • 3. the persistent black hole system 1E1740.7-2942, • Responsible Scientist A. Bazzano • 4. the Superluminal source RX 1826.2-1450 • Responsible Scientist E. Costa • Furthermore IASF/Roma members have a leader role for the task on • GRB, Bright Low Mass system, X-ray pulsars, AGN and especially Survey with IBIS for both continuum and lines • GOP PIs: L. Piro, R.Fusco Femiano, M. Feroci, M. Tavani, A Bazzano + Co-PIs

9. Nov 02 – Aug 03 AO-1 Exposure N. Mowlawi & M.Tuerler (ISDC)

10. Propedeutica al mantenimento delle “performances” scientifiche e’ lattivita’ di calibrazione sistematica programmata ogni 6 mesi e dopo traumi maggiori quali ad esempio la recente attivita’ solare IBIS Shadowgrammes during CRAB off -axis pointings at 9.6 and 10.4 deg Observation of Crab at different off-set angles was essential to characterise the IBIS large FOV response to weak sources. This is particularly relevant for low energy (E<40 keV) affected by mask transparency.

11. Bazzano et al., 2003, A&A Letters,

12. GCDE+GPS Jan-Apr 2003 ~ 2 Ms IBIS 20-40 keV A Paizis et al. 2003, A&A April 8-30, 2003 IBIS 15-40 keV Russian INTEGRAL Science Team INTEGRAL View of the Galactic Plane

13. High energy emission from the SMBH coincident with SGR A*? (ApJ Letters, in press)

14. Gamma-ray Lines: 511 keV • INTEGRAL/SPI • GCDE & GPS, ~1.7 Ms • Spherical Galactic bulge • Compact G.C. source excluded • No evidence for disk component 10o FWHM Gaussian Knoedlseder J. et al. 2003, A&A

15. 15-40 keV 200-400 keV SPI 400-700 keV 40-100 keV 700-1200 keV 100-200 keV Strong, A. et al. 2003, A&A Diffuse Continuum Emission: Maps

16. Diffuse Continuum Emission: Spectrum Cut off expected from XRB and BHC: Proper average fit in progress Nature, submitted

17. IBIS/ISGRI image of ~ 2000 SW energy range 20-40 keV IBIS Survey team

18. Zoom of the central part of the GC. The hardest object in the field are 1E1740.7-2943 (the galactic μ-quasar) and IGR J17464-3213. The BHC XTE 1720-318 was also active. The energy range is 40-60 keV A lot of NS up to 100 keV Several BHC up to 250 keV Energy 120-220 keV

19. Programmatics 1/2 L’IASF ha partecipato alla realizzazione di parti di tutti gli strumenti di bordo e ha contribuito allo Integral Scientific Data Centre (ISDC) IBIS (PI IASF), progettato e realizzato da un consorzio internazionale di 14 Istituti di 9 nazioni diverse con contributo principale Italo-Francese sotto la guida della ditta Laben (prime contractor ed assembly company) Contributi importanti all’hardware di volo per SPI e Jem-X Spacecraft realizzato dall’Alenia Spazio, prime contractor, con contratto ESA Fondamentale partecipazione allo ISDC Il contributo Italiano e’ stato quindi essenziale al successo di questa missione.

20. Programmatics 2/2 Tutti i gruppi di lavoro delle differenti sezioni (Roma, Palermo, Bologna, Milano e Ferrara) sono attualmente coinvolti nelle operazioni in volo relative alla ottimizzazione del funzionamento dei rivelatori di bordo e alle fasi di calibrazione previste ogni 6 mesi. Partecipano inoltre alle attivita’ di controllo della missione dal punto di vista scientifico presso il centro operativo ESOC/ESA e all’ISDC. Ad un anno dalla immissione in orbita l’Osservatorio funzione in modo nominale, sta’ fornendo dati scientifici di altissima qualita’ alla comunita’ scientifica interazionale oltre 100 lavori sono pubblicati o in via di pubblicazione su ApJ, A&A Letters-special issue, Nature etc. Riprova dell’interesse scientifico della comunita’ e’ l’over subscription del programma scientifico di AO2, pari a un fattore 9 (anni di osservazioni richieste per il 2004).

22. Risorse Umane impiegate dagli Istituti fino al lancio (Ottobre 2002): Ideazione, progettazione e realizzazione degli strumenti di bordo, calibrazione, simulazioni, software di analisi dati, etc.

23. Integral: Co-finanziamento CNR Personale: mesi uomo dall’inizio del programma (1992) fino al lancio: Mesi uomo Ricercatori: 1883 Mesi uomo Tecnici: 954 Spese di gestione (stima CNR per le spese generali e di gestione pari a 1kEu/mese/persona) Costo medio retribuzioni (40k euro/anno/persona): 10.316 kEu Costo totale vivo personale impiegato: 2.837 kEu Costo uso attrezzature: strumentazione, lab. elettronica (10y/4 lab.) 480kEu Camere bianche (2.0 KEu/mese), test post-assemblaggio e pre-volo) 288 kEu TOTALE costo dall’inizio a carico Istituti: 13.9 MEu

24. Risorse Umane impiegate dagli Istituti dopo la messa in orbita: assistenza e supporto al lancio, prima accensione, “commissioning”, calibrazione e successivo controllo in volo degli apparati scientifici e tecnologici, attivita’ relativa all’analisi dei dati di “housekeeping” e scientifici; verifica iniziale della modellistica prevista prima del lancio con i dati ottenuti in volo.

25. Consorzio INTEGRAL Richiesta offerta ASI per il 2004: 1273 kEuro Quadro riassuntivo dei finanziamenti divisi per attivita’principali

26. 11000 PI P. UBERTINI 12000 IBIS Responsabile P. Ubertini 13000 SPI Responsabile P. Caraveo 14000 JEM-X Responsabile E. Costa 15000 IBIS Responsabile S. Mereghetti 16000 AD Responsabile A. Bazzano 17000 MS Responsabile G. Palumbo 14100 JEM-FF Responsabile F. Frontera 12100 PICsIT Responsabile G. Di Cocco 12200 MN-ST Responsabile E.M. Quadrini 12300 IBIS/OP Responsabile G. La Rosa Consorzio INTEGRAL: offerta ASI 2004

27. Istituzioni coinvolte CNR/IASF – Sezione Roma Telescopio IBIS e Management generale Telescopio Jem-X Analisi Dati Core Programme & General Observer Programme Contratti Industriali CNR/IASF – Sezione Bologna Telescopio IBIS Analisi Dati Core Programme & General Observer Programme CNR/IASF – Sezione Palermo Telescopio IBIS, Operazioni in volo Analisi Dati Core Programme & General Observer Programme CNR/IASF – Sezione Milano Telescopio IBIS, Project Manager Telescopio SPI Integral Scientific Data Centre Universita’ Di Ferrara: Telescopio Jem-X, Analisi Dati Core Programme Universita’ di Bologna: Mission Scientist Universita’ di Palermo: Analisi Dati General Observer Programme Osservatorio di Brera: Analisi Dati General Observer Programme Osservatorio di Monteporzio: Analisi Dati General Observer Programme Osservatorio di Trieste: Analisi Dati General Observer Programme

28. Stima dei costi orari: Ricercatore EPR (Professore/Astronomo) di 1° fascia 70,00€ Ricercatore EPR di 2° fascia 55,00€ Ricercatore EPR di 3° fascia 40,00€ Tecnico 45,00€ Ore anno: 1400/uomo

29. Programma di lunga scadenza: ESA assicura i finanziamenti fino a dicembre 2008 ASI assicura la copertura finanziaria fino a tre anni dopo la fine della vita operativa in orbita Dal 2005 i fondi non sono sufficientiper poter supportare l’attivita’ necessaria (contratti a termine e analisi dei dati) >>> supporto INAF per personale contratto a termine, “tenure track”…

30. 13 – 15 – 20 – 25 – 30 – 35 Models by: Alessandro Chieffi (IASF) & Marco Limongi (OAR) These data are part of a wide database of models and explosive yields in the range: 0 £ Z £ ZO 13 £ M (MO) £ 35

31. The Integral Mission Extension At its 105th meeting held on 5-6 November 2003 the ESA’s Science Programme Committee (SPC) unanimously approved a 4-year “rolling” extension to Integral operations from 17 December 2004 until 16 December 2008 The Astronomy Working Group (AWG) and Space Science Advisory Committee had earlier expressed their general satisfaction with the current status of the mission, its initial science return and promise for the future. This “rolling” extension means that towards the end of the first two years the level of resources required for the third and fourth years will be reviewed by the SPC. Should the scientific return remain high and the technical status appropriate then at the same time the SPC would be asked to approve a further 2 years of Integral operations. Thus, a 4-year horizon would be established at each approval cycle. The planning for this 4-year extension maintains the current scientific capability of the mission. In any future mission extensions it may be appropriate to reduce the level of operational support, so decreasing costs, but at the expense of scientific capability. The SPC also made two other decisions concerning Integral. They confirmed that the amount of observing time available to the astronomical community during the first three years of the extension will be 75%, with the remaining 25% being for the Integral Science Working Team (ISWT). The ISWT is composed of the instrument and data centre principal investigators, mission scientists, the project scientist, and representatives of the US and Russian scientific communities. During these 3 years, ESA will continue to issue Announcement of Opportunities for observing time, the 1-year proprietary data period will remain, and the Russian scientists will continue to be guaranteed their share of observing time. Data rights for extension years 4 and beyond will be discussed by those involved before a proposal is presented to the SPC. During the extension ESA proposes to establish an Integral User’s Group in order to benefit from the best possible advice from a wide community of interested users.

32. Core Programme (guaranteed time) 35% (year 1), 30% (year 2), 25% (year 2+) of the total observing time is reserved for institutes which have developed and delivered instruments and the data centre (guaranteed PI time), for Russia and NASA for their contributions to the programme, and - to a smaller extent - for Mission Scientists and ISOC. The Core Programme, consists of three elements: -Deep exposure of the central Galactic radian, centred on (l, b) = (0, 0). Individual pointings (30 min exposure each) on a set of regular pointing grids . -the Survey of the Galactic plane to map its gamma-ray emission, to detect as yet unknown persistent sources (e.g. recent Galactic supernovae) and to facilitate the study of transient sources. This survey is made out of 1 scan per 12 days or 4 revolutions ("slew, stop, stare") along a saw-tooth path (inclined at 21 deg wrt gal equator). Each scan consists of a series of individual exposures (2200 sec each) separated by 6.0 deg along the scan path. Individual scans are shifted by 27.5 deg in galactic longitude. The scan pointings cover a band of +/- 6.5 deg in galactic latitude, the actual coverage is larger (i.e. apx +/- 20 deg), however, due to the wide FOV's of the instruments. -pointed observations including ToO's

33. Starburst Galaxy Cas A Supernova Cooling Flow Jets Crab Pulsar Black Holes INTEGRAL Launched… Baikonur, Kazakhstan, 2002 October 17 at 04:41 UT

34. P.Ubertini is member of the ISWT with main task of: maximize the scientific return of INTEGRAL within the technical and programmatic boundary conditions ensure that INTEGRAL maintains its principal characteristics as an observatory satisfying the objectives of the scientific community at large act as a focus for the interest of the scientific community in INTEGRAL maintain contact with the wider astronomical community on matters specific to INTEGRAL so that it can advise ESA on INTEGRAL's scientific goals from a general point of view These tasks will be achieved by: reviewing, in the light of recent results, the scientific goals of INTEGRAL at regular intervals while considering the technical boundary conditions of the spacecraft advising on the scientific aspects of the development of the INTEGRAL instrumentation establishing the core observing programme based on the scientific objectives of INTEGRAL identifying areas of overlap, complementarity, redundancy and omission between instruments both in function and in operation and optimizing the scientific use of the instruments identifying and implementing a simple operational approach identifying a coherent calibration and performance verification policy both on the ground and also in orbit participating in the major project reviews performing specific tasks as needed during the project's development Concerning the science ground segment, the ISWT will be responsible to: optimise the core observing programme from an operational point of view advise on the development of the science ground segment of the observatory including the ISDC with particular reference to the operational scenario, software, observatory products and the INTEGRAL database structure monitor and actively support the ISDC activities during operation to ensure they correspond to the needs of the scientific users community.