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Agricultural Learning Repositories & Metadata Application Profiles

This study explores the landscape of Digital Learning Repositories (DLRs) focusing on agricultural content. It investigates 59 generic DLRs, identifying 27 that house agricultural resources, which account for only 0.36% of approximately 881,000 educational resources examined. We discuss the metadata standards used, predominantly IEEE LOM, and application profiles like Ag-LR.AP and CG LOM Core. Furthermore, the integration of AGROVOC for classification purposes is examined, with recommendations for harmonizing agricultural Learning Resource Metadata (LRM) across various platforms.

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Agricultural Learning Repositories & Metadata Application Profiles

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  1. Agricultural Learning Repositories & Metadata Application Profiles Nikos Manouselis, Kostas Kastrantas Informatics Laboratory Div. of Informatics, Mathematics & Statistics Dept. of Science, Agricultural University of Athens GREECE

  2. Digital Learning Repositories • Digital Repository: system for the storage, location and retrieval of digital resources • Digital Learning Repository (DLR): • nature of resources or their description reflects an interest of use in an educational context Holden C., “From Local Challenges to a Global Community: Learning Repositories Summit”, Academic ADL Co-Lab, 2003

  3. A set of questions • Are there DLRs with agricultural content? • Which metadata schemas do they use? • Are there agriculture-specific application profiles? • Relation to AOS?

  4. DLRs for agriculture • Those particularly focusing on agricultural content/stakeholders

  5. DLRs for agriculture • Those particularly focusing on agricultural content/stakeholders • Generic ones that also contain some agricultural content

  6. DLRs for agriculture • Generic ones that also contain some agricultural content

  7. DLRs for agriculture • Those particularly focusing on agricultural content/stakeholders • Generic ones that also contain some agricultural content

  8. Preliminary study • Took place during 2005 • Examined 59 well-known generic DLRs • identified 27DRLs with agricultural content • In a total of ~881,000 educational resources: • …only 3,201 resources (0.36%) related to agricultural topics Tzikopoulos et al., "Investigating Digital Learning Repositories' Coverage of Agriculture-related Topics", ITAFE 2005.

  9. 34.5% of resources not classified (generally: agriculture)

  10. Majority uses a metadata standard (mainly IEEE LOM or LOM based, and Dublin Core)

  11. LR metadata • Learning Technology specifications & standards have been continuously developed since early 1990s • IEEE Learning Object Metadata (LOM) standard widely adopted & implemented • Competing schemas: • DC-ed (but, effort to come closer to LOM) • ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36 LRM (under development)

  12. About IEEE LOM • Nine categories of elements • 76 elements, all optional • Produced by IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee • adopted as an IEEE standard on 2002 • Past 3 years: studied in depth by ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36 WG4 • Interesting critique: Friesen N. (2004) “International Survey of Learning Object Metadata Implementation” (for ISO/IEC)

  13. LR metadata in agriculture • IEEE LOM application profiles • CG LOM Core (CGIAR) • BEN: Biosci Education Network (AAAS) • BioTune (Netherlands) • …and some of our work: • BIO@GRO LOM AP (organic agriculture) • Organic.Edunet LOM AP (agroecology) • ReGov LOM AP (rural SMEs’ development) • Other approaches • FAO’s Agricultural Learning Resource AP (Ag-LR AP) • ICRICAT, IIT Kanpur, IIT Bombay et al.?

  14. Synergies with AOS • Use AGROVOC for classification purposes inside LRM schemas • Use AGROVOC as a web service • …CGIAR’s DLR already does this • Use an AGROVOC subset/specialization • E.g. AGROVOC-based Agroecology ontology • Implement separately? Include into AGROVOC? • Do special domains require other terms and/or relations? Sanchez-Alonso S. & Sicilia M.-A., “Using an AGROVOC-based ontology for the description of learning resources on organic agriculture”, MTSR 2007.

  15. Potentially interesting… • Harmonization of agricultural LRM • Towards a commonly accepted schema? • Commonly accepted mappings between widely used implementations? (FAO’s Ag-LR AP, CG LOM Core, …) • Connection of agricultural DLRs with federations of generic DLRs • Organic.Edunet federation: • Link to ARIADNE Foundation & GLOBE Consortium • Query propagation using the Simple Query Interface (SQI) • IMS Global Learning Consortium specification (http://www.imsglobal.org/lode.html)

  16. For more information: Nikos Manouselis Informatics LaboratoryAgricultural University of Athensnikosm@ieee.org http://infolab-dev.aua.gr

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