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“The Roaring Twenties”. A wild, romantic, thoroughly modern era The US had been engaged in a major European war and had been on the winning side. Farm boys returned home and wanted to live in the city.
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“The Roaring Twenties” • A wild, romantic, thoroughly modern era • The US had been engaged in a major European war and had been on the winning side. • Farm boys returned home and wanted to live in the city. • Flappers bobbed their hair, rolled down their stockings, raised their hemlines and wore makeup.
“How ya gonna keep ’em down on the farm once they’ve seen Paree.” • Culture in America was changed drastically. • Men were coming back from Europe and did not want to go back to the tiny towns they were from. They wanted to live in cities with women, bars, and excitement.
The End of Vaudeville • Vaudeville - style of multi-act theatre which flourished from the 1880s to 1920s • Live performance: music, comedy, athletic feats, magic, animal acts, opera, Shakespeare, banjo, acrobatics, gymnastics and lectures by celebrities and intellectuals.
Abbott and Costello • American comedy duo whose work in radio, film and television made them one of the most popular and respected teams in comedy history
Harry Houdini • Hungarian magician, escapologist, stunt performer, as well as an investigator of spiritualists, and amateur aviator. • Best known for his abilities as an escape artist.
The Marx Brothers • Team of sibling comedians that appeared in vaudeville, stage plays, film, and television. • Duck Soup • Monkey Business • Horse Feathers • A Night at the Opera • A Day at the Races
The Three Stooges • American vaudeville and comedy act best known for their film shorts featuring the three-man line-up of brothers Moe and Curly and long-time friend Larry. • The Stooges were extremely physical slapstick comedy, mixed in with one-liners and other characters in some kind of outrageous plot.
Jazz music – 1st true American form of music to spread to the rest of the world • Mix of ragtime, brass bands, gospel, and the blues – mainly played by black artists • Chicago was the center of jazz in the 1920s • Before the radio, there was the Victrola (played records) • Radio was starting to be widespread by the end of the 1920’s with programming
Louis “Satchmo” Armstrong • Most influential jazz musician ever • From New Orleans • Moved to Chicago to play with King Oliver • Played the coronet and sang • His first coronet was a gift from King Oliver (whom he called Papa Oliver)
Billie Holiday • Started singing in bars in New York City • Very popular singer • In the movie New Orleans with Louis Armstrong • Died of heart and liver disease from years of drug use
Joe “King” Oliver • Blinded in one eye as a child • Played the coronet • Played “Hot Jazz” instead of solo jazz • “Hot Jazz” was collective improvisation – many different members of a group played anything they wanted to, instead of what was rehearsed
Ella Fitzgerald • Most popular female jazz singer in the US • Won 13 Grammy awards • Sold 40 million albums • Recorded 200 albums and more than 20,000 songs in her life
Pablo Picasso’s The Three Dancers (1925) • Uses Expressionist distortion
Georges Braque’s Fruit on a Tablecloth with a Fruit dish (1925)
Max Beckman’s Carnival: The Artist and His Wife (1925) • Both are in fancy dress, with his wife dressed as Napoleon
Mostly silent movies • Late 1920’s movies became “talkies” – movies with sound • Most were filmed in New Jersey • Stars had long contracts with one studio, so you did not see a star with a different group of actors or with a different studio
Charlie Chaplin • One of the most famous performers in the early to mid Hollywood Cinema era • One of the finest mimes and clowns caught on film and has greatly influenced performers in this field • Primary Character was “The Tramp”- gentleman who wears a tight coat, oversized trousers and shoes, a bowler hat, carries a bamboo cane, and has a signature toothbrush moustache
Buster Keaton • Popular and influential American silent film comic actor and filmmaker • His trademark was physical comedy with a stoic, deadpan expression on his face
Harold Lloyd • One of the most popular and influential film comedians of the silent film era • Lloyd made nearly 200 comedy films • He is best known for his "Glasses Character", a resourceful, success-seeking go-getter who was perfectly in tune with 1920s era America.
Mary Pickford • She was known as "America's Sweetheart," "Little Mary" and "the girl with the golden curls." • She was also the first female actor to receive more than a million dollars per year. • During World War I, she sold bonds alongside Charles Chaplin, Douglas Fairbanks, and Marie Dressler.
Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire • Famous dance partners of the 1920s and 1930s • Led the U.S. in all of the most popular dance forms of the times through their work together in shows and movies
“Flappers” • "new breed" of young women who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz and flaunted their disdain for what was then considered "decent" behavior • The flappers were seen as brash in their time for wearing makeup, drinking hard liquor and smoking tobacco. • In the USA, popular contempt for Prohibition was a factor. With legal saloons and cabarets closed, back alley speakeasies became prolific and popular.
“Bobs” • To have your hair “bobbed” meant to have it cut. Short hair was considered radical and college girls were among the first to embrace the style.
Law by which the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages is illegal • At any time possession of liquor, wine or beer was illegal. Drinking alcohol was never technically illegal, but one who was drinking was liable for prosecution on the grounds that they possessed the alcohol they were drinking. • January 16, 1919 – 18th amendment was ratified making alcohol illegal
Federal Prohibition agents (police) were given the task of enforcing the law. • A profitable, often violent, black market for alcohol flourished. • Stronger liquor surged in popularity because its potency made it more profitable to smuggle. • The cost of enforcing prohibition was high, and Prohibition cut the taxes paid on alcohol ($500 million annually nationwide).
Speakeasies • Establishment used for buying and drinking alcohol during Prohibition • Speakeasies became more popular and numerous as the Prohibition years progressed. • More commonly operated by those with connections to organized crime • Agents would raid them, arrest the owners and customers. • Speakeasies made so much money that people continued to run them anyway. • Many police were bribed not to raid a certain speakeasy.
December 5, 1933 – 21st Amendment was ratified, repealing the 18th Amendment • Effects of Prohibition • Joseph Kennedy, father of John F. Kennedy, smuggled alcohol from Canada to the U.S. and became rich! • The “mob” controlled the politics and politicians in many large cities • NASCAR • Cities and states can still vote to be a “dry” area, buying or selling of alcohol is illegal in that area.
