Methodological questions of migration and ethnocultural diversity in Population Censuses

1. Methodological questions of migration and ethnocultural diversity in Population Censuses StatCapCA Training Workshop No 3 Dushanbe, March 2007 Werner Haug (1)

2. Introduction to the concepts for the measurement of migration Werner Haug

3. The Census measures stocks of: • Internal migrants • International migrants • Persons according to citizenship (national or foreign) • Persons with national or foreign background • Persons according to ethnocultural characteristics StatCapCA Training Workshop No 3, Dushanbe

4. Internal and international migrants • A migrant in the statistical sense is any person who has changed his/her place of usual residence (i.e. irrespective of the motives of migration and of the legal status of the person in the country of destination) • An internal migrant is a person whose former place of usual residence was in another administrative or political unit of the same country • An international migrant is a person whose former place of usual residence was in another country StatCapCA Training Workshop No 3, Dushanbe

5. Attention: Changing boundaries • Boundaries existing at the time of the Census are the reference. However: • The creation of independent states and the split up of states increases the number of international migrants and of foreigners • Changing borders can « create » migrants and foreigners, although people do not move • Questionnaires, coding processes and tabulation programmes (particularly when including data from different Censuses have to take this into account StatCapCA Training Workshop No 3, Dushanbe

6. The categories are not mutually exclusive • International migrants can also be internal migrants • A foreigner can be a sedentary person, i.e. a non-migrant and born in the country • A citizen can be an international migrant • Etc. StatCapCA Training Workshop No 3, Dushanbe

7. Population according to citizenship and place of birth Foreigners Nationals Native born Foreign born StatCapCA Training Workshop No 3, Dushanbe

8. Different perspectives • The different groups reflect different perspectives on international migration with respect to: • Origin and distance of migration • Relationship to the state of residence • The migration experience of the parents StatCapCA Training Workshop No 3, Dushanbe

9. The time dimension • Different reference points in time are distinguished to measure migration. • Time of birth (foreign/native born) • Live time (ever migrants) • Last migration (year of arrival) • Five years before the Census • One year before the Census StatCapCA Training Workshop No 3, Dushanbe

10. Different reference points: different perspectives and results • Time of birth: Migration movements (out- and return migration) between the time of birth and the Census are not reflected • Live time: More migration events are reflected but the migration event might have concerned only a short period of the liffe span (e.g. 1 or 2 years of work or studies abroad) • Last migration/1 year/5 years: exact information, but no information about earlier migration movements StatCapCA Training Workshop No 3, Dushanbe

11. Short term migrants • Short term migrants (3 months to under 1 year) and visitors/tourists are not counted as migrants but as temporarily absent/present persons in the stock statistics of Censuses • However: information about this group can also be collected in Censuses StatCapCA Training Workshop No 3, Dushanbe

12. Migrants abroad • Persons abroad for more than one year are counted as part of the resident population of the country of destination in the stock statistics of Censuses • However: Information about the migrants abroad can also be collected in Censuses StatCapCA Training Workshop No 3, Dushanbe

13. Thank you for your attenion!