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National Science Foundations’ Views and Futures The Swiss National Science Foundation Evelyne Glättli International Relations, SNSF Sofia, Bulgaria, 29-30 September 2005. Content. 1. The SNSF in summary 2. Investigator-driven Research _ Project Funding _ Individual Funding

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  1. National Science Foundations’ Views and FuturesThe Swiss National Science FoundationEvelyne GlättliInternational Relations, SNSFSofia, Bulgaria, 29-30 September 2005

  2. Content • 1. The SNSF in summary • 2. Investigator-driven Research _ Project Funding _ Individual Funding • 3. Targeted Research • International Research Co-operation • Challenges

  3. Key features of SNSF • Founded in 1952 as a foundation under private law; self-governing body of Swiss science • Main instrument of Switzerland for funding free & targeted research and for promoting young scientists • Autonomy: political influence mainly on overall budget and general themes in targeted research; no political influence on individual project decisions • Pure funding agency (without research institutes) • Principles: Peer review, competition • _ Budget: 429 Mio. CHF (2005)

  4. Policy of Support • The SNSF • Promotes scientific research • Invests in young scientists • Enables research stays abroad • Promotes international co-operation • Strengthens the position of women in research

  5. Funding Opportunities • Investigator-driven research: funding of individual research projects • Targeted research: targeted research projects within coordinated programmes • Funding of individuals: fellowship schemes, SNSF professorships etc. • Conference Grants • Publication Grants • International Co-operation

  6. Organs of the SNSF • Foundation CouncilMaintains the aims of the foundation; highest executive body • Executive Committee of the Foundation CouncilStrategic questions; Electing body • National Research CouncilAssessment and supervision of scientific quality • Research CommissionsUniversity organisations; comments to projects and grants from a local viewpoint • Administrative OfficesPreparation and execution of decisions made by the research and foundation

  7. Investigator-driven and Targeted Research (2004) Targeted Research Investigator-driven Research Total: 418 Mio. CHF

  8. Scientific fields(2004) Mathematics, Natural and Engineering Sciences Humanities and Social Sciences Biology and Medicine Total: 418 Mio. CHF

  9. Key figures(2004) _To research groups at 11 Swiss Universities 80% • To scientists younger than 35 years (Project Funding) 74% • To women (Project Funding) 37% _ For salaries including social security contributions (Project Funding) 72% • For administration and evaluation 5% • Persons supported by SNSF 7000 • Young scientists abroad (Fellowships) 440 • Accepted proposals 2004 (Project Funding) 1300 • Projects with international dimension 75% • Foreign nationals in SNSF projects 45%

  10. Key figures(2004) • Persons supported by SNSF 7000 • Young scientists abroad (Fellowships) 440 • Accepted proposals 2004 (Project Funding) 1300

  11. Project Funding • Free choice of research themes • All scientific disciplines • Calls: 1 March / 1 October (excl. Special programmes) • Project expertise (peer review) _ Research council _ External expertise _ Research Commissions • Selection of projects in competition • Decision ca. 6 months after submission

  12. Project Funding 6 Evaluation criteria • Scientific importance and topicality • Originality of the question under investigation • Suitability of the methods to be used • Previous scientific achievements of the applicant • Scientific competence of the applicant relative to the project • Feasibility of the project

  13. Project FundingDevelopment of requested funds Amounts in CHF millions

  14. Funding of individuals • Scholarships for research stays abroad _ young scientists _ experienced scientists • SNSF-Professorships • EURYI • Marie Heim-Vögtlin-grants • Scholarships for scientific communication • Short stays and exchange programme

  15. Fellowships Prospective & Advanced Researchers • Research stays abroad • Duration: 12 – 36 months • For Postdocs only • Age: max. 33-35 years (no limit for women) • Applications to SNSF (and local commissions of the universities) • Ca. 400 / 80 per year

  16. SNSF-Professorships • Own salary • Research allowance for team (2-3 researchers) • Possible infrastructure allowance • Allowance max. CHF 1’600’000.- • Duration: 4 years • Age: max. 40 years • Ca. 40 per year

  17. Marie Heim-Vögtlin GrantsPromotion of women • For women, whose scientific career was delayed or interrupted due to special circumstances • For (Post-) Doctoral students • Duration: 2 years • Employment grade: min. 50% • Ca. 30 per year

  18. National Research Programmes (NRP) • Scientific contribution to the solving of pressing problems of a national dimension • Interdisciplinary; combination of theoretical research with practical applications • _ Duration: 5 years • Budget per NRP: CHF 5 – 15 Mio • NRP themes selected by Government • Annually 1 – 3 new NRPs • 14 NRP currently running

  19. Current NRP (I) • NRP 40+ Right-wing Extremism – Causes and Counter-measures • NRP 42+ Relations between Switzerland and South Africa • NRP 43 Formation and Employment • NRP 45 Future Problems of the Welfare State • NRP 46 Implants and Transplants • NRP 47 Supramolecular Functional Materials • NRP 48 Landscapes and Habitats of the Alps

  20. Current NRP (II) • NFP 49 Antibiotic Resistance • NFP 50 Endocrine Disruptors • NFP 51 Social Integration and Social Exclusion • NFP 52 Childhood, Youth and Intergenerational Relationships in a Changing Society • NFP 53 Musculoskeletal Health – Chronic Pain • NFP 54 Sustainable Development of the Built Environment • NFP 56 Language Diversity and Linguistic Competence in Switzerland

  21. National Centres of Competence and Research (NCCR) • Sustainable strengthening of Swiss research in areas of strategic importance • Interdisciplinary; knowledge & technology transfer towards practical applications; training of young scientists • Network of research institutes run by a centre of competence • 20 NCCR currently running (14 started in 2001, 6 in 2005) • Budget 2004 – 2007: 254 Mio. CHF

  22. Current NCCR (I) • NCCR which started in 2001 (I) • Climate (Bern) • Computer Aided and Image Guided Medical Interventions (ETHZ) • Financial Valuation and Risk Management (Zurich) • Genetics (Geneva) • Interactive Multimodal Information Management (IDIAP, Martigny) • Material with Novel Electronic Properties (Geneva) • Mobile Information and Communication Systems (Lausanne)

  23. Current NCCR (II) • NCCR which started in 2001 (II) • Molecular Oncology (ISREC, Epalinges) • Nanoscale Science (Basel) • Neural Plasticity and Repair (Zurich) • North – South (Bern) • Plant Survival (Neuchâtel) • Quantum Photonics (EPFL) • Molecular Life Sciences (Zurich)

  24. Current NCCR (III) • NCCR starting in 2005 • Affective Sciences (Geneva) • Iconic Criticism (Basle) • Challenges to Democracy in the 21st Century (Zurich) • Mediality-Historical Perspectives (Zurich) • International Trade Regulation (Berne) • Swiss Etiological Study of Adjustment and Mental Health (SESAM) (Basle)

  25. International Co-operation • Multilateral_International scientific organisations und programmes • Bilateral_Specific co-operation with organisations from specified countries • Europe_European Research Area, SwissCore • Eastern Europe_SCOPES, ESTROM • Developing countries

  26. International bi- & multilateral co-operation • Basic philosophy in international co-operation _ Providing optimal framework conditions, i.e. mainly subsidiary actions to facilitate bottom-up co-operation between individuals _ Adapting the supporting instruments to needs _ co-operation with “sister organisations” (autonomous, peer review, competition): added value, mutual benefit, lean procedures Bi- and multilateral co-operation _ many interfaces: i) international partners, ii) internal responsibilities _ co-operation: policy development vs. joint funding activities

  27. Bilateral co-operation • Features_High variability of co-operation with partner organisations worldwide • _Specific co-operation with organisations from specified countries • _Co-operation with sister organisations • _ typical instruments: exchange programmes, seminars, projects, exchange of experience • _ funding: specific budget for exchange programmes and seminars; projects to be funded via divisions I-III • _ important examples: Germany, Austria, Japan, China, Vietnam, Korea, increasingly India & South Africa

  28. Multilateral co-operation • Features • _ very large field, a lot of issues, many actors (internally & externally) • _ Europe: ESF, EUROHORCs, ERA • _ Eastern Europe: SCOPES, INTAS • _ Developing Countries: IFS, IGFA • _ International research institutions and programmes (ISSI, IGBP …) • _ funding: contributions to international organisations and programmes via budget international co-operation

  29. SCOPES Scientific Co-operation between Eastern Europe and Switzerland • _Part of a wider effort of Switzerland to support Eastern European • countries in their transition phase • _Initiative launched in 1990 by the Swiss Agency for Development and • Cooperation and SNSF. Implementation by SNSF. • _SCOPES objectives …Contributing to the managing or the solving of transition problems …Improving the general conditions governing scientific research and thereby enhancing the performance of the research system …Promoting Eastern European research groups and institutions • _Main funding instruments …Joint Research Projects …Institutional Partnerships …Conference Grants

  30. Programme “Research Partnerships with Developing Countries” - Principles Principles _Bottom-up (scientifically and geographically) _Specific problems of Developing Countries _Partnerships (Swiss researchers and Southern researchers) _SNSF and SDC are funding the instrument together (5.1 Mo Swiss Francs) _The proposals are evaluated by SNSF (scientific excellence) and SDC (relevance for development) Instruments Joint Research Projects Preparation Grant

  31. Challenge (I): cross-disciplinarity • Not recognised definition: multi-disciplinarity, inter-disciplinarity, trans-disciplinarity • Continuous advancement of science –> contributions from other disciplines • Structure of funding organisations: traditional scientific disciplines, a matrix-like organisation, small panels • Rivalry between mono- and cross-disciplinary research • Incapable reviewers • Potential added value • Problem-oriented research programmes

  32. Challenge (II): high-risk research • Different types of risks: technical dangers, ethical considerations, political consequences; success of a research project • New unconventional research vs. Mainstream projects • Not yet established individuals • Establishment of new and promising research areas • Many funding agencies: risk averse • Scarce financial resources: special funds for financing high-risk research • Pressure to publish: projects with negative results -> no papers

  33. Challenge (III): women in science • Discrimination against women in science and research • The higher the academic degree or rank, the smaller the percentage of women • Support programme for women -> steady increase • Different life patterns, interrupted or delayed women‘s careers -> track record • Socio-cultural factors: a large number of small decisions • Women: a systematic bias (lower approval rate) • Less women in the review panels

  34. Challenge (IV): international co-operation • Research is common good vs. stiff competition • Smaller countries: critical mass • Different research cultures • Scarce resources, expensive infrastructures • Necessity and benefit of international co-operation • Co-operation between research funding agencies (reciprocal exchange of scientists, bilateral co-operation)

  35. www.snf.ch

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