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Earth’s Changing Crust

Earth’s Changing Crust. Geologist. Scientists who study the forces that make and shape the Earth “ geo” refers to the earth. Crust. Layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer skin The outer shell of the Earth is called the CRUST. Mantle.

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Earth’s Changing Crust

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  1. Earth’s Changing Crust

  2. Geologist • Scientists who study the forces that make and shape the Earth • “geo” • refers to the earth

  3. Crust • Layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer skin • The outer shell of the Earth is called the CRUST

  4. Mantle • Layer of hot, solid material between the crust and the core • The next layer is called the MANTLE

  5. Core • The 2 innermost layers of the Earth • Outer core • (liquid) • Inner core • (solid)

  6. Earthquakes ~Caused by the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface ~Earth’s crust is constantly moving

  7. Faults • A break in Earth’s crust • Rocks on both sides can move up, down or sideways • Movement along faults form mountains and valleys • Caused by • Compression • Tension • Shearing

  8. What causes a fault? • Compression • Tension • Shearing

  9. Different types of faults • 1. Strike-slip faults ( caused by shearing) • Rocks on either side slip past each other • Slide past each other sideways, not up or down

  10. 2. Normal fault (caused by tension) • It’s at an angle so one block of rock hangs above and one hangs below

  11. 3. Reverse fault ( caused by compression) • The blocks move in opposite directions • Formed part of the Appalachian Mountains

  12. What are 3 kinds of faults? • Strike-slip • Normal • Reverse • What kind of fault doesn’t move up or down? • Strike-slip

  13. Richter Scale Rates the size of the seismic waves • Information comes from a seismograph (Chinese) • A seismograph is the machine used to measure the movement of the Earth’s crust.

  14. Plate tectonics - A theory that pieces of the Earth’s mantle are in constant, slow motion • tec·ton·ic/tekˈtänik/ - Adjective: 1.Of or relating to the structure of the earth's crust and the large-scale processes that take place within it.

  15. Magma • Hot, molten rock deep below Earth’s surface

  16. Lava • Magma that reaches the Earth’s surface • Magma come from a Greek root which means “thick ointment” • . Magma and lava are identical substances • One is above the surface of the Earth and the other is below the surface of the Earth.

  17. Weathering • The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces

  18. Erosion • The picking up and carrying away of pieces of rock

  19. How do weathering and erosion work together to shape Earth’s surface? • Weathering breaks down Earth surface and erosion carries away the broken-down pieces. • What are 2 kinds of weathering? • Physical • Chemical

  20. Deposition • The dropping off of bits of eroded rock

  21. Meteorite • A chunk of rock from space that strikes a surface, such as Earth

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