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Cognitive and Behavioral Theories

Cognitive and Behavioral Theories . Sarahi Morales Project #2 EDTC 3320. B.F. Skinner was identified as the most influential 20th-century psychologist .

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Cognitive and Behavioral Theories

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  1. Cognitive and Behavioral Theories Sarahi Morales Project #2 EDTC 3320

  2. B.F. Skinner was identified as the most influential 20th-century psychologist. • “B.F. Skinner, throughout his and his career, advocated an approach to the study of psychology and learning that is focused on behavior.” (Reiser pg 36) • When it comes to behaviorism, Skinner is the first psychologists that comes to my mind.

  3. What is Behaviorism? • Behaviorism- “includes a group of theories that share several common beliefs- “The generalizability of learning principles across species, the importance of focusing on observable events, and the “blank slate” nature of organisms”. (Brown pg 26) • “The behaviorist perspective, known as behaviorism, dominated psychology for the first half of the twentieth century.” (Brown pg 26)

  4. Operant Conditioning • Skinner believed that the best way to understand behavior is to look at the causes of an action and its consequences. He called this approach operant conditioning. • Skinner came up with the “Skinner Box” to prove this theory. • The “Skinner Box” was designed to provethatchanging of behavior by the use of reinforcement which is given after the desired response, can mold ones behavior. Skinner identified three types of responses or operant that can follow behavior. • Neutral Operants • Reinforcers • Punishers

  5. What exactly was the purpose of a Skinner box? Using the device researchers could carefully study behavior in a very controlled environment. For example, researchers could utilize the Skinner box to determine which schedule of reinforcement led to the highest rate

  6. The Impact of Operant Conditioning. • The creation of Operant Conditioning helped impact adult courses such as Defensive Driving. • You have to attend a Defensive Driving Course for various reasons but when pedestrians get scheduled to this class it is statistically proven that they are less to go back. • Having this class for wreckless driving makes you think twice about getting stopped by a police because you will have to attend this class. • This goes the same with drinking while you are intoxicated. That is why we have police officers to keep reinforment and punishment going when it comes to traffic education.

  7. Lev Vygotsky • The work of Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) has become the foundation of much research and theory in cognitive development over the past several decades, particularly of what has become known as Social Development Theory.

  8. What is Cognitivism • Cognitivism is a perspective where the internal mental processes were considered important and capable of being identified and studied . • From this perspective, the human mid is considered to be highly complex.

  9. Social Development Theory • Vygotsky is well known for his social theory. • Social Development Theory- The major theme of Vygotsky's theoretical framework is that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition. • He states: “Every function in the child’s cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first, between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsychological).” (Vygotsky, 1978).

  10. Social Development Theory

  11. How Social Development Affected our Learning. • Vygotsky’stheory promotes learning contexts in which students play an active role in learning. Roles of the teacher and student are therefore shifted, as a teacher should collaborate with his or her students in order to help facilitate meaning construction in students. Learning therefore becomes a reciprocal experience for the students and teacher. • An example of this would be our blackboard discussions because the teacher post a topic for us in which we discuss about it amongst each other and learn from one another.

  12. http://kjmcorn.weebly.com/behaviorism-and-cognitive-psychology.htmlhttp://kjmcorn.weebly.com/behaviorism-and-cognitive-psychology.html

  13. References • McLeod, S. A. (2007). B.F. Skinner | Operant Conditioning - Simply Psychology. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.html • http://psychology.about.com/od/sindex/g/def_skinnerbox.htm • McLeod, S. A. (2007). Vygotsky - Simply Psychology. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html • Brown, Abbie. The essentials of instructional design: connecting fundamental principles with process and practice.-2nd edition (2011) • http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/social-development.html

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