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“Nutritional constraint to dairy production in the Andes”

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA LA MOLINA. “Nutritional constraint to dairy production in the Andes”. Carlos A. Gómez, PhD. Presented at U.Bonn on 11th July 2003.

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“Nutritional constraint to dairy production in the Andes”

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  1. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA LA MOLINA “Nutritional constraint to dairy production in the Andes” Carlos A. Gómez, PhD Presented at U.Bonn on 11th July 2003

  2. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA LA MOLINAMain campus in Lima with 3 main research sites in the Coast, Highlands and Tropical Forest4200 Students (85 % Undergraduates/15 % MSc level)AgronomyFood technologyAgricultural engineeringForest ScienceRural EconomyEnvironmental SciencesBiologyAnimal ScienceLast year we had 100 aniversary

  3. ANIMAL SCIENCE STUDIESOffers a BSc program of five years in Animal Science ( 50 students finish yearly) and a MSc program (50 students enrolled regulary) Teaching staff of 52 among them 18 professor

  4. Two research groups involved in Ruminant Nutritionand pasture utilizationA.-Profs. Enrique Florez and Lucrecia Aguirre1 Associated professor6 MSc students/ 4 BSc honors dissertationGrassland ecologyPasture-ruminant interactions in the andes

  5. B.-Prof. Carlos Gomez2 Associated professors/1 research associate5 MSc students/ 6 BSc honors dissertationBeef and dairy nutrition in pasture and intensive production systems- Intensive: Nutritional evaluation of agroindustrial byproducts and cultivated forages/ Feeding strategies for small dairy producers- Pasture: Developing of appropriate feeding strategies in andes pastures (Cultivated and natural)Research supported by FAO-IAEA, ILRI, IDRC(Canada)

  6. Natural regions in Peru

  7. Highlands have potential for:Cropping (Potato, cereals) 4 million HasCultivated pastures 2 million HasNative pastures 20 million HasWeather (seasonal precipitation and frost) and altitude contraintsMining is the principal economic activity at present

  8. Milk production in Peru grows up around 4% annually, due to the increased domestic demand for dairy products which are made of imported milk on aprox. 50%.Low intake of milk and derived products (42 kg percapita yearly)Three predominant systems: Coast Highlands Mixed/crop Pastoral

  9. Costal low performance dairy production

  10. Structure of milk-producing farm types (in Ha) and market destination for milk in Peru

  11. Milk production in main regions of Peru

  12. Agriculture limited by: Frost events Temperature Water supply SlopeAndean crops (potatoes, Quinua, Corn)

  13. Dairy in mixed farm systems (2500-3400 masl)Dairy production and beef prefatteningUtilization of agricultural byproducts (barley straw, maize stover) and cultivated pastures (alfalfa, rye grass trifolium)B.Swiss, Holstein Genotype2000-4000 kg of milk per lactation

  14. Main issues* Evaluation of appropriate strategies to improve nutritive value of agricultural byproducts and overcome dry season effects* Evaluation of supplementary feeding (concentrates-cultivated forage for silage making)* Genotype-environment interaction

  15. Dairy in cultivated pastures (2500-4000 masl)BSwiss genotype (1-3 head/ha)2000-4000 kg/milk/lactation

  16. Chemical composition (% D.M.) of rye grass x trifolium pasture

  17. Change of native to cultivated pasture

  18. Fertilization strategies

  19. Phosphorous content (%) in pasture Rye grass / Trifolium Díaz, 2001

  20. Fertilization with phosphorous: Nutritive value of Rye grass / Trifolium Díaz, 2001

  21. Main issues* Evaluation of improved pasture species different to available at present including rzyobium* Selection of appropriate grazing strategies(Stocking rate/grazing pressure)* Evaluation of supplementary feeding (concentrates-cultivated forage for silage making)* Genotype-environment interaction

  22. Dairy in native pastures (4000-4300 masl)Criollo X B.Swiss genotype (0.2-0.4 head/ha)Suckling calf + 400-800 kg/milk/lactation

  23. Native pasture includes 10-20 species. No possibility for other cropp sucesfullyLand use mostly under comunal managementStrong effect of dry vs rainy season of the year on productivity and nutritive value

  24. Sheep Alpaca and llama

  25. Vicugna

  26. Protein and mineral content of native pastures

  27. Deteriorating effects of mining on pastures in the highlands

  28. Main issues* Dry season undernutrition/Nutrition-reproductive performance interaction Multinutrient supplementation Utilization of block Urea-molasses-Minerals Strategic use of cultivated pastures to complement animals during certain times of the year* Soil conservation (Overgrazing) Development of apropriate stocking rate and grazing management* Genotype-environment interaction

  29. Danke schoen----------Muchas gracias

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