1 / 13

CHAPTER 12

CHAPTER 12. BIRDS MAMMALS. Section 1: BIRDS. Endothermic vertebrate Feathers and a 4-chamber heart Lay eggs Adaptations for FLIGHT include: Hollow bones Forelimbs form wings Large chest muscles Feathers. Contour Feathers. Large and give bird its shape

dom
Télécharger la présentation

CHAPTER 12

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CHAPTER 12 BIRDS MAMMALS

  2. Section 1: BIRDS • Endothermic vertebrate • Feathers and a 4-chamber heart • Lay eggs • Adaptations for FLIGHT include: • Hollow bones • Forelimbs form wings • Large chest muscles • Feathers

  3. Contour Feathers • Large and give bird its shape • Flight feathers on the wings and tail • Help to balance and steer • Consists of: • Central shaft • Barbs- projections • Hooks- hold barbs together

  4. Down Feathers • Short, fluffy, soft and flexible feathers • Trap heat and keep bird warm • Right next to bird’s skin • At the base of contour feathers

  5. Obtaining Oxygen • System of air sacs that connect to lungs • Maximizes oxygen consumption • Circulatory System: • 4-chamber heart- 2 atria and 2 ventricles • No mixing of O2 poor w/ O2 rich blood

  6. Obtaining Food • Bills (no teeth) • Capture, grip, handle food • Shaped for quick and efficient feeding • Crop = internal food storage tank • Connected to the stomach • Stomach- two parts • Food is bathed in chemicals for break down • Gizzard- thick-walled, muscular part • Squeezes and grinds partially digested food

  7. Section 2: Physics of Bird Flight • Lift- upward force that allows birds to fly • Fast air above bird = low pressure • Caused by wing beats, angle/shape of the wings • Slow air below bird = high pressure • Three types of Flight: • Flapping • Soaring and gliding • Diving

  8. Types of Flight • Flapping- requires lots of energy • Needed to get birds off the ground • Used for long distance flying • Soaring and gliding • Involves very little wing movement • Use warm air currents for soaring upward • Use cold air currents for gliding downward • Diving- does not use LIFT • Used for hunting prey

  9. Section 3: Mammals • 4,000 species of Endothermic vertebrates • 4-chamber heart • Skin covered with hair or fur • Young are fed with milk from mother • Milk is produced in mammary glands

  10. Obtaining Food • 4 types of teeth: • Canines- pointed for stabbing and tearing • Incisors- flat-edged for biting and cutting • Pre-Molars – grinding and shredding • Molars- behind the pre-molars • Canines for carnivores • Molars for herbivores

  11. Obtaining Oxygen • Breathe in and out with lungs • Aided by: • Rib muscles • Diaphragm- large muscle under rib cage • 4-chambered heart and 2-loop circulatory system

  12. Adaptations • For keeping conditions stable: • Fur/hair • Layer of fat under skin • For movement: • Walk/run on 4 limbs • Hopping, climbing, swimming • Nervous system: • Learn and remember • Highly specialized sense organs

  13. Diversity of Mammals • 3 main groups: • Monotremes- spiny anteaters/duck-billed platypus • egg-laying mammals • Marsupials- Koalas, kanagaroos, opossums • Young born during early stages and grow in pouch • Gestation Period is very short (13 days for opossums) • Time between fertilization and birth • Placental mammals- all other mammals • Young develop inside mother until all systems are able to function independently of mother • Development inside placenta • Allows for gas and food exchange between mother and embryo

More Related