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Topic 13: Periodicity

. 13.1.1 Explain the physical properties of the chlorides and oxides of the elements in the third period (Na ??Ar) in terms of their bonding and structure.Na2O, MgO, and Al2O3 are ionicHigh melting pointsConduct electricity when melted (molten). . SiO2 is macromolecular with high melting and boil

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Topic 13: Periodicity

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    1. Topic 13: Periodicity

    2. 13.1.1 Explain the physical properties of the chlorides and oxides of the elements in the third period (Na ??Ar) in terms of their bonding and structure. Na2O, MgO, and Al2O3 are ionic High melting points Conduct electricity when melted (molten)

    3. SiO2 is macromolecular with high melting and boiling points (glass) P,S,Cl oxides are covalent Low melting and boiling points Form more than one oxide P4O6, P4O10 SO2 and SO3 Cl2O, Cl2O7 and others

    4. 13.1.2 Describe the chemical trends for the chlorides and oxides referred to in 13.1.1. Include relevant equations. Metallic oxides are basic Na2O + H2O ? 2Na+ + 2OH- MgO + H2O ? Mg(OH)2 aq/s

    5. Al2O3 is amphoteric Al2O3 + 6HCl ? 2AlCl3 + 3 H2O Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O ? 2NaAl(OH)4

    6. SiO2 is insoluble in water but does react as an acid sometimes The oxides of P, S and Cl are all acidic and dissolve in water to form strongly acid solutions

    7. NaCl is neutral MgCl2 weakly acidic all other chlorides in period 3 are acidic Chlorine forms HCl and HOCl when dissoved in water Acid and a type of bleech

    8. hydration Al+3 surrounded by 6 H2O thus it is a complex ion H2O acts as a ligand

    9. do questions 1 and 2

    10. 13.2.1 List the characteristic properties of transition elements 13.2.2 Identify which elements are considered to be typical of the d-block elements.

    11. Elements that contain an incomplete d level of e- in one or more of their oxidation states Nada (anio for Korean speakers) for Zn or Zn+2 Also Sc+3 S1 elements Cr and Cu

    12. Characteristics ** Conductors, high mp, malleable and ductile Variable oxidation states, complex ion formation, the existence of coloured compounds and good catalytic properties

    13. Variable oxidation states 4s e- lost first Mn2+ 3d reverses energy with 4s All 3 period transitions have 2+ state Some Fe3+ or Mn4+ Mn7+ Cu+ Cr+3 and +6 Higher states are oxyanions MnO42- Cr2O72-

    14. Complex ion formation Small size, rich in electrons Ligands-neutral molecules or ions that have a nonbonding pair of e- (ie H2O, NH3, Cl-, CN-) Complex ions = metal ions attached to a ligand [Fe(H2O)6]3+ [Ag(NH3)2]+ [Fe(CN)6]3-

    15. Add ammonia to CuSO4 [Cu(NH3)4]2+ HCl to CuSO4

    16. Coordination number=number of lone pairs bonded to the metal ion 6 octahedral, 4 tetrahedral or square planer, 2 linear [CuCl4]2-

    17. Questions 3 and 4 Do questions 17-23 pages 92-97 for HW

    18. What makes color? Absorption and reflection of light with interaction of electrons Primary colors blue, green, and red D orbital splits into 2 sublevels

    19. Coloured complexes Absorbs certain wavelengths, transmits others Complexes split 3d into two separate sublevels Unpaired e- Absorbed light sends a d e- up Demo see page 98 question 5

    20. catalysts Catalysts increase the rate of a reaction without being chemically changed Alternate pathway Reacting species come closer together Heterogeneous adsorps on the surface Ni for hydrogenation (breaking a double bond)

    21. See pages 102-3 Pt or Pd in catalytic converters Fe in the Haber process H and N to make ammonia with Fe solid Co in vitamin B12 MnO2 in decomposition of H2O2 V2O5 in the contact process Question 6

    22. Do questions 24-30 pages 98-104 for homework Do questions 6,8,11-15,17 pages 104-5 in class

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