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Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s Disease. Nick Beisel Rebecca Ingold Liz Conway. Alzheimer’s Introduction. Form of Dementia Dr. Alois Alzheimer: discovered plaques and tangles Two Types: _______ and Late Onset Ongoing Research No Cure Long-term Care. Risk Factors.

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Alzheimer’s Disease

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  1. Alzheimer’s Disease Nick Beisel Rebecca Ingold Liz Conway

  2. Alzheimer’s Introduction • Form of Dementia • Dr. Alois Alzheimer: discovered plaques and tangles • Two Types: _______ and Late Onset • Ongoing Research • No Cure • Long-term Care

  3. Risk Factors • Age: numbers diagnosed ________ every five years after age 65 • Family History: Implications for Early Onset

  4. Risk Factors: Ongoing Research • Genetic Interaction • _________________ (ApoE): protein synthesis • ApoE carries __________ in blood • Only 15% have type that increases risk • Others still undiscovered

  5. Risk Factors: Speculation • Diet: low _______ levels • Environment • Correlations? • Heart Disease and Stroke • High BP • High Cholesterol Previous slides from ADEAR www.alzheimers.org/pubs/adfact.html

  6. Symptoms: Characteristics • Precursor • Mild forgetfulness: “senior moment” • Early Stages: • Trouble remembering names, events, important dates, etc. • ________________ difficulty • Bothersome but not alarming

  7. Symptoms: Characteristics • Moderate Stages: • Interference with simple daily activities, e.g., brushing teeth • Impaired ____________________ • Impaired speech, reading, writing, etc. • Unable to recognize family members • Easily noticed and reported

  8. Symptoms: Characteristics • Advanced Stages • Further deterioration of speech, etc. • _________ • Restlessness • Mood Swings • _____________ • Wandering away from home

  9. Symptoms: Why? Normal MRI Alzheimer’s MRI Images from www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/case3/mr1/040.html

  10. Symptoms: Why? • Loss of brain volume • Atrophy of various lobes • Asymmetry of ventricles • Atrophy of _____________ and Amygdala

  11. Treatment of Alzheimer’s • Is no cure • May be possible to reverse or minimize symptoms

  12. Types of Treatment • Medications • Hormonal • Herbal • _____ • At Home Techniques

  13. Medications • Numerous kinds of medications to relieve symptoms or control behavior • Tacrine, Donepezil, Galantamine, & Memantine • ____________ • Helps with anxiety, sleep and behavior problems http://www.alzheimers.org/treatment.htm http://my.webmd.com/hw/alzheimers/hw136880.asp

  14. Hormonal • HRT can ________ risk of AD • Estrogen • Increased risk of dementia too http://www.alzheimers.org/treatment.htm http://my.webmd.com/content/article/54/61448.htm

  15. Herbs • Ginko Biloba • May delay ___________ decay • May have preventive measures http://www.alzheimers.org/treatment.htm

  16. New Diet Research • __________ plaque build up causes oxidation and inflammation kills brain cells • Diets high in anti-oxidants slow oxidation and work to prevent inflammation • Purple fruits and vegetables • Curcumin (spice) may help prevent memory loss http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6560710/

  17. At Home Techniques • Make everything a ________ • Walking helps stimulate the brain to talk • Use reminders/ schedules • Recall happy memories (LTM not impaired) http://www.my.webmd.com/content/article/54/61448.htm http://www.alzheimersdisease.com/info/answers/alzheimer-treatment-choices.jsp

  18. AD by the numbers: • There is an estimated 4.5 million Americans suffering from Alzheimer’s Disease. • This number has more than doubled since _____. www.alz.org

  19. Alzheimer’s Association Poll • 1 in 10 Americans have a family member who suffers from Alzheimer’s Disease. • _____ Americans know someone with the disease. www.alz.org

  20. Costs of Alzheimer’s Disease • ____ of all nursing home residents have Alzheimer’s Disease. • Living in a nursing home can range from $42,000-$70,000 a year. • The average lifetime cost of care is $174,000. www.alz.org

  21. Care Giving for someone with Alzheimer’s • 7 out of 10 Alzheimer’s patients live at home. • 75% of their care is provided by family and ________. • The remaining 25% is paid care which can typically cost around $19,000. www.alz.org

  22. Care Giving • Most caregivers are _______. • Care giving for Alzheimer’s disease is physically and mentally demanding • These care givers can suffer from fatigue, frustration, grief, depression, etc. • High levels of stress make the care giver vulnerable to illness. www.faqs.org/health

  23. Care Giving • In early stages the patient loses ability to do minimal tasks such as tying their shoes and selecting clothing. • Over time the patient will gradually lose the ability to take care of oneself. www.ahaf.org

  24. Nutrition • ___________ is also very important. A patient might forget how to prepare food or that they are hungry. • The caregiver should make sure the patient is receiving healthy meals. www.faqs.org/health

  25. The Safety of the Patient • Patient will gradually lose the ability to drive a car, cook, clean, shower, and ultimately take care of oneself. • Insert _______ devices such as bed rails and hand rails for the bathrooms. • Adjust electrical appliances www.ahaf.org

  26. Care for the Care Giver • _______________ and professional counseling. • Extremely demanding and frustrating. • Spirituality www.ahaf.org

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