1. Open Educational Resources Westchester Community College E-Textbook Committee April 10, 2013

2. Origin The term “Open Educational Resources” (OER) was first adopted at UNESCO’s 2002 Forum on the Impact of Open Courseware for Higher Education in Developing Countries. (The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation)

3. Definitions • “Open Educational Resources are teaching, learning or research materials that are in the public domain or released with an intellectual property license that allows for free use, adaptation, and distribution.” (UNESCO) • “. . . materials offered freely and openly to use and adapt for teaching, learning, development and research.” (Commonwealth of Learning, Canada) • “. . . [A]n important element of an infrastructure for learning. . . . in forms ranging from podcasts to digital libraries to textbooks, games, and courses. (US Dept. of Education) • “. . . materials used to support education that are freely accessed, modified, and shared by anyone.” (Stephen Downes)

4. E-Textbooks a part of a larger, interconnected “Digital Ecosystem” OER Mindmap, Donna Gaudet, Mathematics, Scottsdale, AZ CC

5. Why Should We Pay Attention?

6. “Textbook costs can be a barrier to Education.” (Student PIRGs) Students are forgoing textbooks at a detriment to their success. (Chronicle of Higher Ed.) Over the past 4 decades. . . Consumer Price Index 250% Health-care costs 575% Textbooks 812% (American Enterprise Institute, Huffington Post) Avg. spends $1,200/yr. on textbooks/course materials. GAO: cost of textbooks is comparable to 72% tuition at some community colleges. (Student PIRGs) More than ¾ of the cost of textbooks goes to the publisher (National Association of College Stores)

7. Publisher “Pricing Decisions” • Key-codes cannot be shared, re-sold, or “lent” • Despite promise of savings, students are still a captive market and have even less influence over pricing in e-format • One study found students saved only $1 (DeSantis) Others cite a figure more like 50% savings but with onerous restrictions and little innovation. (Boezi, FlatWorld)

8. Legislation & Oversight • September: California (Gov. Jerry Brown introduced bills (SB 1052 and SB 1053) “that will provide for the creation of free, openly licensed digital textbooks for the 50 most popular lower-division college courses offered by California colleges.” • Textbooks developed will be made available under the Creative Commons Attribution licenseor CC BY. • March 19: OPEN SUNY Resourcesannounced

9. Do’s and Don'ts of OER Implementation (Shelton Waggener)

10. Do’s and Don'ts of OER Implementation (Shelton Waggener) • Focus solely on Textbooks • Set hardware standards • Provide Exclusivity • Leave e-content to the bookstore • Ignore faculty authors • Don’ts

11. Locate an Open Textbook • OER Commons (http://www.oercommons.org/oer) • College Open Textbooks (COT) (http://www.collegeopentextbooks.org/) • CCCOER Open Textbook Directory(http://oerconsortium.org/discipline-specific/) • OAIster(Library vendor OCLC) (https://www.oclc.org/oaister.en.html) • Textbook Revolution (http://textbookrevolution.org/index.php/Main_Page) • Lexis Nexis/ JSTOR

12. University, Gov’t, Foundation–built Repositories & Initiatives CONNEXIONS – OpenStax(Rice U. Hewlett, Bill & Melinda Gates) http://cnx.org/ MERLOT (California State University Repository, Foundations, Publishers) http://www.merlot.org/merlot/index.htm MARICOPA LEARNING EXCHANGE (Maricopa Community Colleges) http://www.mcli.dist.maricopa.edu/mlx/search.php THE ORANGE GROVE (State U of Florida) http://florida.theorangegrove.org/og/access/home.do WISC Online (Wisconsin Technical College System) http://www.wisc-online.com/

13. Works Cited DeSantis, Nick. “E-Textbooks Saved Many Students Only $1.” Chronicle of Higher Education, January 4, 2012. Web. Downes, Stephen. “OER Defined.” Half An Hour Blog. July 14, 2011. WebKingkade, Tyler. “College Textbook Prices Increasing Faster than Tuition and Inflation.” The Huffington Post. 4 January 2013. Web. UNESCO. “Open Educational Resources.” UNECSO.org.United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Web. U.S. Department of Education. “Open Education Resources.” ED.gov. U.S. Dept. of Education. Web. Waggener, Shelton. “E-Content: Opportunity and Risk.” Educause Review Online. 5 September 2010. Web.