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Delve into the intricate world of trade policy decision-making, exploring the interplay between interests, institutions, and perceptions. Understand the forces shaping trade legislation and its impact on various stakeholders. Analyze the role of interest groups, legislators, and international institutions. Uncover the drivers of policy change and the implications for global trade.
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Policymakers & Trade Legislation. Robert Lawrence
Surveys: An Opportunity to explore • Good Theory: Occams Razor: Requires Tractability. • Good Empirical Work: Requires good theory and structure. • Good Survey’s: Opportunities to explore
What is Trade Policy • Conventional framing: Tariff changes. • Narrow Economic Interests. • Trade policy today: • Agreements: • Multi-Issue. • Rules
Demand Supply Demand & Supply of Trade Policy Policymaker preferences constituent preferences Interest groups/parties Institutions Economic Environment
Constituent Preferences • Economic Interests: • Consumption benefits. • Factor ownership. • Other Values: (Equity, Identity, Community) • Knowledge Formation. • Risk Aversion
Interest-Groups/Parties • Organizing to influence: • Costs of Collective Action. • Benefits. • Instruments: • Money. • Persuasion. • Information/Media • Organization. • Alliances
Policy-Makers • Preferences: • Personal Interests. • Institutional/Organizational • Constituent Interests. • General Interests. • Perceptions. • Symbolism.
Institutions • Trade-Making Authority. USA vs EU • Source of Power. • Elections: Districts, Party Discipline, Frequency.
Perceptions, • International trade: gets credit and blame. • Trade votes: not only about trade: e.g NAFTA, China PNTR. • Level Playing Field
Policies, • Costs of Policies Change: • --e.g. environmental rules. • Other regulations.
Process: Only Game in Town? • Changing constraints on domestic policies. • Changing policy agendas. Winners& losers in process • Changing responsibilities for trade and domestic policies. legislative committees, regulators. • Changing relationships to international institutions. • Interest groups respond. • Legislators respond.
Implications. • Ask about effects on interests but also perceptions and process. • Role of money versus knowledge. • Ask how decisions are made as well as why. • Explore relationships between positions and preferences.