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Chapter 1: How Evolution Works

Chapter 1: How Evolution Works. What is Biological Anthropology? 4 fields Cultural or Social Archaeology Linguistics Biological or Physical Anthropology Body Growth Nutrition Primatology Molecular/Genetics Paleoanthropology Applied. Adaptation. What is an Adaptation?

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Chapter 1: How Evolution Works

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  1. Chapter 1: How Evolution Works • What is Biological Anthropology? • 4 fields • Cultural or Social • Archaeology • Linguistics • Biological or Physical Anthropology • Body • Growth • Nutrition • Primatology • Molecular/Genetics • Paleoanthropology • Applied

  2. Adaptation • What is an Adaptation? • Structures that are designed by Natural Selection • Adaptations provide solutions to evolutionary problems (survival and reproduction). • Evolutionarily Stable Problems. • Best thought of in terms of function.

  3. Function: • Ultimate: Why Question! • To make copies of itself, Reproductive Success (RS) • Proximate: What Question! • What does the adaptation do?

  4. Chapter 2: Natural SelectionComplex Design

  5. Different Functions Different Designs

  6. Darwin’s Three Postulates • 1. The ability of a population to expand is infinite, but the ability of any environment to support populations is always finite. “THE STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE.” • 2. Organisms within populations vary and this variation affects the ability of individuals to survive and reproduce. “DIFFERENTIAL REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS” • 3. The variations are transmitted from parents to offspring. “SEX”

  7. Darwin’s Finches(from the Beak of the Finch)

  8. Darwin’s Finches:Selection (Darwin’s 1st Postulate)

  9. Darwin’s Finches:Selection (Darwin’s 2st Postulate)

  10. Darwin’s Finches:Selection (Darwin’s 3st Postulate)

  11. Darwin’s Finches:Did Evolution Take Place?

  12. Units of Selection • Selection takes place at the level of Individuals • Selection does not take place at the level of Groups or Populations • Adaptations change through time not individuals or population • Vehicles vs. Units of Selection

  13. Inheritance of Traits • Blending Inheritance • Mixing of traits undoes natural selection • Discreet Units of Inheritance • Necessary to maintain adaptations (design features of traits)

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