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Understanding Evolutionary Adaptations in Anthropology

Explore the concepts of biological anthropology through the four fields - cultural, archaeology, linguistics, and physical anthropology. Delve into the mechanisms of evolution, focusing on adaptations designed by natural selection to solve evolutionary problems. Learn about Darwin's postulates and the process of natural selection shaping complex designs. Gain insights into the inheritance of traits and the units of selection in evolutionary biology.

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Understanding Evolutionary Adaptations in Anthropology

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 1: How Evolution Works • What is Biological Anthropology? • 4 fields • Cultural or Social • Archaeology • Linguistics • Biological or Physical Anthropology • Body • Growth • Nutrition • Primatology • Molecular/Genetics • Paleoanthropology • Applied

  2. Adaptation • What is an Adaptation? • Structures that are designed by Natural Selection • Adaptations provide solutions to evolutionary problems (survival and reproduction). • Evolutionarily Stable Problems. • Best thought of in terms of function.

  3. Function: • Ultimate: Why Question! • To make copies of itself, Reproductive Success (RS) • Proximate: What Question! • What does the adaptation do?

  4. Chapter 2: Natural SelectionComplex Design

  5. Different Functions Different Designs

  6. Darwin’s Three Postulates • 1. The ability of a population to expand is infinite, but the ability of any environment to support populations is always finite. “THE STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE.” • 2. Organisms within populations vary and this variation affects the ability of individuals to survive and reproduce. “DIFFERENTIAL REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS” • 3. The variations are transmitted from parents to offspring. “SEX”

  7. Darwin’s Finches(from the Beak of the Finch)

  8. Darwin’s Finches:Selection (Darwin’s 1st Postulate)

  9. Darwin’s Finches:Selection (Darwin’s 2st Postulate)

  10. Darwin’s Finches:Selection (Darwin’s 3st Postulate)

  11. Darwin’s Finches:Did Evolution Take Place?

  12. Units of Selection • Selection takes place at the level of Individuals • Selection does not take place at the level of Groups or Populations • Adaptations change through time not individuals or population • Vehicles vs. Units of Selection

  13. Inheritance of Traits • Blending Inheritance • Mixing of traits undoes natural selection • Discreet Units of Inheritance • Necessary to maintain adaptations (design features of traits)

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