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Plant Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Reproduction and Biotechnology. In angiosperms, the sporophyte is the dominant generation The gametophye generation has been reduced. Figure 38.1 Simplified overview of angiosperm life cycle. Figure 38.2 Review of an idealized flower. Figure 38.3a Trillium.

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Plant Reproduction and Biotechnology

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  1. Plant Reproduction and Biotechnology

  2. In angiosperms, the sporophyte is the dominant generation The gametophye generation has been reduced

  3. Figure 38.1 Simplified overview of angiosperm life cycle

  4. Figure 38.2 Review of an idealized flower

  5. Figure 38.3a Trillium Complete Flower: sepals, petals, stamens and carpels are all present on same flower.

  6. Figure 38.3ax1 Lily

  7. Figure 38.3ax2 Lily

  8. Figure 38.3d1 Pollination modes

  9. Monoecious Plant Figure 38.3e Maize, a monoecious species

  10. Figure 38.3ex Begonia, a monoecious species Monoecious Plant

  11. Dioecious Plant: Different plants have stamens and carpels. Figure 38.3f Sagittaria: staminate flowers (left), carpellate flowers (right)

  12. Figure 38.4 The development of angiosperm gametophytes (pollen and embryo sacs) 2n Meiosis Megaspore produces a large cell with 8 nuclei Pollen Grain: tube cell plus gen. cell Mitosis

  13. Figure 38.9 Growth of the pollen tube and double fertilization

  14. Double Fertilization • Pollen lands on stigma • Absorbs moisture • Pollen grain forms a pollen tube and generative cell (mature male gametophyte) • Pollen tube grows down style to ovary • Sperm cells form from generative cell • Pollen tube enters ovule at the micropyle • Two sperm enter embryo sac • a) one sperm fertilizes egg • b) other sperm combines with 2 polar nuclei to form endosperm.

  15. Cellular Events During Fertilization • Gametes fuse • Calcium ion conc increases in cytoplasm (same as animals) • Block to polyspermy • a) Slow block: depositing of something in cell wall • b) Fast block: opening of ion channels which change electrochemical gradient.

  16. Figure 38.11 Seed structure

  17. Figure 38.13 Mobilization of nutrients during the germination of a barley seed

  18. Figure 38.14 Seed germination

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