著者：范守义、郭立秋、贾令仪 2011 年 6-9 月

1. 《英汉语篇翻译教程》 著者：范守义、郭立秋、贾令仪 2011年6-9月

2. 译文讲评：Text A (PPT v 2.0) Text A: Jazz Up Your English with Fresh and Lively Idioms Passage 1:

3. 第1段第1句话 • 两个that结构，语法意义不一样，前面的一个that引导出一个定语从句，它也是从句的主语；后一个that实际上是so … that…结构的组成部分。 English language is loaded with non-standard phrases that are rooted so deeply in its vocabulary that at times they cannot be distinguished from the accepted Standard English terms.

4. 第1段第1句 • accepted Standard English，认可的标准英语，英国英语中称 Received Standard English，即公认的标准英语，亦称RP，即 Received Pronunciation （公认的标准发音的英语）。

5. Received Pronunciation (RP), also called the Queen's (or King's) English, Oxford English, or BBC English, is the accent of Standard English in England, with a relationship to regional accents similar to the relationship in other European languages between their standard varieties and their regional forms. Although there is nothing intrinsic about RP that marks it as superior to any other variety, sociolinguistic factors give Received Pronunciation particular prestige in England and Wales. However, since World War II, a greater permissiveness towards allowing regional English varieties has taken hold in education and in the media in England.

6. 第1段第2句 • Jazz up: “Enliven, make more interesting” • e.g. “They jazzed up the living room with a new rug.” • “They decided to include a comedy act to jazz up the program.” They jazz up the language of native speakers, making it very lively, natural, and authentic.

7. 第1段第2句 • 其中authentic在语境中是什么意思呢？ • Authentic这个词的定义取自Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary，如下： … making it very lively, natural, and authentic.

8. au·then·tic Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English autentik, from Anglo-French, from Late Latin authenticus, from Greek authentikos, from authentēs perpetrator, master, from aut- + -hentēs (akin to Greek anyein to accomplish, Sanskrit sanoti he gains)Date: 14th century • 1obsolete:authoritative • 2 a: worthy of acceptance or belief as conforming to or based on fact <paints an authentic picture of our society> b: conforming to an original so as to reproduce essential features <an authentic reproduction of a colonial farmhouse> c: made or done the same way as an original <authentic Mexican fare> • 3: not false or imitation :real, actual <based on authentic documents> <an authentic cockney accent> • 4 aof a church mode: ranging upward from the keynote — compare plagal 1 bof a cadence: progressing from the dominant chord to the tonic — compare plagal 2 • 5: true to one’s own personality, spirit, or character

9. synonymsauthentic, genuine, bona fide mean being actually and exactly what is claimed. • authentic implies being fully trustworthy as according with fact <an authentic account of the perilous journey>; it can also stress painstaking or faithful imitation of an original <an authentic reproduction> <authentic Vietnamese cuisine>. • genuine implies actual character not counterfeited, imitated, or adulterated <genuine piety> <genuine maple syrup>; it also connotes definite origin from a source <a genuine Mark Twain autograph>. • bona fide implies good faith and sincerity of intention <a bona fide offer for the stock>.

10. 第2段前半句 • 有时候查一查中国百科网，也可以解决应与词义理解问题 However, on the other hand, non-standard phrases makea pile of understandinghasslesto English learners…:

12. 第2段后半句 • intricate words and phrases: “intricate” 的意思是 “hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts, details, or relationships”如 “an intricate problem” • 因此，将“intricate”翻译成“难以理解”是正确的，而不能将其翻译成“复杂的”。 … who helplessly try to gain an understanding of all intricate words and phrases, invented by the language speakers impromptu.

13. 第3段后半句 类似的用法有很多，e.g. • Inbooks represents an extensive number of international publishers, ranging from prestigious university presses to library science, scholarly, .... • extensive number of diseases. • Wonderful and extensive numberof woodworking supply. … but an extensivenumber of non-standard phrases.

14. 第5段第1句 • tons of idioms: 是tons of something的一种具体用法, 即lots of something。是口语夸张的说法。 • E.g. We got tons of fried chicken, so help yourself. • You are in tons of trouble. The best advice to the English learners is not to make many efforts, trying to remember tons of idiomsat one sitting.

15. 第5段第2句 • 其中native一词作为形容词的意思是什么呢？你从下面的各个义项中，能够判断哪个义项的定义符合上文的语境呢？ … or lively communication with native speakers，

16. native adj. • 1. Existing in or belonging to one by nature; innate: native ability. • 2. Being such by birth or origin: a native Scot. • 3. Being one’s own because of the place or circumstances of one’s birth: our native land. • 4. Originating, growing, or produced in a certain place or region; indigenous: a plant native to Asia. • 5. a. Being a member of the original inhabitants of a particular place. b. Of, belonging to, or characteristic of such inhabitants: native dress; the native diet of Polynesia. • 6. Occurring in nature pure or uncombined with other substances: native copper. • 7. Natural; unaffected: native beauty.

17. Synonyms: native, indigenous, endemic, autochthonous, aboriginal • These adjectives mean of, belonging to, or connected with a specific place or country by virtue of birth or origin. • Nativeimplies birth or origin in the specified place: a native New Yorker; the native North American sugar maple. • Indigenousspecifies that something or someone is native rather than coming or being brought in from elsewhere: an indigenous crop; the Ainu, a people indigenous to the northernmost islands of Japan. • Something endemicis prevalent in or peculiar to a particular locality or people: endemic disease. • Autochthonous applies to what is native and unchanged by outside sources: autochthonous folk melodies. • Aboriginaldescribes what has existed from the beginning; it is often applied to the earliest known inhabitants of a place: the aboriginal population; aboriginal nature. See Also Synonyms at crude.

18. 第6段第3句 • phraseological units: • 1. the manner in which words or phrases are used （这个定义讲的是词语的用法，特别的风格）; • 2. a set of phrases used by a particular group of people（这个定义是前一个定义引申出来，特指某个人群专门使用的词语）。我们不妨将其译成“专用语单位”。

19. 第6段第4句 • Simply 可以有以下几个义项： • 1. in a simple manner; with simplicity （简单、俭朴、朴素） e.g. dresses simply. • 2. merely; only; just （仅仅、只是）e.g. simplytrying to help. • 3. absolutely; completely（绝对地、完全地）e.g. I was simply furious. • 根据上下文的逻辑意义，义项2符合要求，其相应的中文确定为“只是”。 … we simply put together already existing words.

20. 第6段第4句 • 其中的“a new sense”应该是词典学概念，所以要译成“一个新义项”。 • 如果是译成了“新义”或者“新的意义”，则是普通的意义。 • Acquire的用法见后： … which acquire a new sense in the combination，

21. 第6段第4句 • ac·quire transitive verb • 1: to get as one's own: a: to come into possession or control of often by unspecified means b: to come to have as a new or added characteristic, trait, or ability (as by sustained effort or natural selection) <acquire fluency in French> <bacteria that acquire tolerance to antibiotics> • 2: to locate and hold (a desired object) in a detector <acquire a target by radar>

22. Examples of ACQUIRE • The two ships were acquired by the navy after the war. • The team acquired three new players this year. • The old word has acquired a new meaning. • This apparently minor event has acquiredincreasing significance in recent weeks. • He is studying the way that language is acquiredby children.

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