Motivation and Work

1. Motivation and Work You’re the one! Eat Something! Work Harder What Moves You? Keep Moving Forward mmmBustivation

2. What moves you? 500 400 300 200 100

3. Eat something! 500 400 300 200 100

4. You’re the one! 500 400 300 200 100

5. Work Harder! 500 400 300 200 100

6. Keep moving forward! 500 400 300 200 100

7. 1. When salmon are motivated to swim upstream to mate and die, it is called: • A) instinct. • B) homeostasis. • C) intrinsic motivation. • D) an incentive. • E) extrinsic motivation. 470

8. 2. Drive reduction explains motivation by stressing our biological need to sustain: • A) a state of biological need. • B) drive equilibrium. • C) homeostasis. • D) a high level of arousal. • E) a social bond with those familiar to us. 471

9. 3. ___ is to “push” as ___ is to “pull”. • A) drive; incentive • B) instinct; drive • C) arousal; homeostasis • D) incentive; motivation • E) drive; instinct Daily Double 471

10. 4. People are often motivated to “seek out” stimulation. This is explained by the ___ theory. • A) incentive • B) drive • C) attention • D) arousal • E) instinct 472

11. According to Abraham Maslow, some of our motivation must be attributable to: • A) meeting our basic psychological needs first. • B) our desire to be the best we can be. • C) wish fulfillment of our wants. • D) sensation seeking. • E) meeting our physical needs last. 472

12. 6. Which factor does not reduce sexual activity in teens? • A) high intelligence • B) promotion of abstinence • C) religiosity • D) presence of father • E) learning programs

13. 7. The body’s “weight thermostat” keeps us from deviating much from our current weight, keeping us at our: • A) natural body type. • B) homeostatic equilibrium. • C) set point. • D) healthiest level. • E) optimum size. 476

14. 8. Nausea for certain foods during pregnancy peaks around the 10th week. This may be adaptive because the fetus: • A) is more vulnerable to toxins. • B) is moving more in the womb. • C) is developing its own sense of taste. • D) all of the above. • E) none of the above. 478

15. 9. People with ____ experience extreme episodes of binge eating, followed by purging through laxatives or vomiting. • A) anorexia nervosa • B) binge-purge disorder • C) bulimia nervosa • D) weight cycling • E) factitious disorder 478

16. 10. Because eating disorders such as anorexia are more common in the US, and not in India, suggests: • A) eating meat contributes to eating disorders. • B) the amount of media viewed contributes to eating disorders. • C) India has a more effective treatment. • D) thinness is valued differently by our culture. • E) the U.S. has more cases of sexual abuse 479

17. 11. After orgasm, the male experiences the typical response of: • A) sexual orientation. • B) heightened arousal. • C) leaving quietly. • D) a refractory period. • E) a plateau period. 483

18. 12. For women, the addition of the hormone testosterone is used therapeutically in order to: • A) increase facial hair. • B) increase sexual arousal. • C) decrease estrogen levels. • D) increase aggression. • E) nothing, this is a male hormone and not used with women. 484

19. 13. Viewing X-rated films effects most people by : • A) reducing interest in sex with their partners. • B) increasing interest in sex with their partners. • C) encouraging sex outside of their marriage. • D) causes the relationship to deteriorate beyond repair. • E) having no significant effect on the relationship. 485

20. 14. American teen-age females have less sex than Europeans, but have greater rates of pregnancy due to: • A) lack of sex education. • B) greater guilt related to sexual activity. • C) TV portrayals of unprotected sex without consequences. • D) all of the above. • E) none of the above. 487

21. 15. Most psychologists believe that homosexuality: • A) is a psychological disorder. • B) is caused by faulty parenting. • C) is inborn, has genetic roots, and is resistant to change. • D) is caused by peer pressure and “recruiting” by other gays. • E) is a clear cut choice. 492

22. 16. Between the anxiety of being overwhelmed and stressed and the apathy of being bored is the state of: • A) homeostasis. • B) flow. • C) meditation. • D) bliss. • E) equilibrium. 498

23. 17. The field of psychology which applies psychological concepts to the work setting is: • A) clinical psychology. • B) personnel psychology. • C) business psychology. • D) industrial-organizational psychology. • E) organizational psychology. 499

24. 18. Which of the following is least effective in selecting the best employee? • A) work samples • B) informal interview • C) job knowledge tests • D) past performance history • E) references 502

25. 19. The results of Robert Owen’s management of a cotton-mill in Scotland was a landmark study which illustrated: • A) the positive correlation between job satisfaction and productivity. • B) hiring the right people can make a significant difference in productivity. • C) reward and punishment techniques could be applied to the workplace. • D) a strong leader is more effective at getting the job done. 506

26. 20. The leadership style called ___, is best for building morale. • A) charismatic leadership • B) task leadership • C) social leadership • D) command-and-control leadership • E) dictatorship 508

27. 21. Most people who are very happy, attribute it to: • A) social status. • B) achievement motivation. • C) close, satisfying relationships. • D) financial wealth. • E) alcohol and premium drugs. 495

28. 22. Masters and Johnson identified four stages of the human sexual response cycle, which included all of the following except: • A) orgasm. • B) excitement. • C) stimulation. • D) plateau. • E) resolution. Daily Double 482

29. 23. When a supervisor likes an employee, the supervisor’s ratings may be biased to rate the employee higher than deserved. This is called: • A) social management. • B) brown nose outcome. • C) prejudicial treatment. • D) a halo error. • E) employer evaluation error. 504

30. 24: Allen and Gorski (1992) conclude that anatomy influences sexual orientation. They found the ___ is 1/3 larger in homosexual men. • A) ventromedial hypothalamus • B) anterior commissure • C) lateral hypothalamus • D) speech center • E) anterior hypothalamus 490

31. 25. There is evidence that eating disorders have the following as contributing causes except: • A) childhood sexual abuse. • B) genetics. • C) culture. • D) poor self esteem. • E) mass media 479

32. Answers

33. Experimental rats were made to become obese by: • A) destroying the lateral hypothalamus. • B) destroying the ventromedial hypothalamus. • C) blocking the production of Ghrelin. • D) forcing them to watch the Cooking Network. • E) increasing the output of Leptin. 475