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It was both the hymnal and the devotional guide for Jewish believers.

PSALMS Psalms is the largest book in the Old Testament and the one most often quoted in the New Testament. It was both the hymnal and the devotional guide for Jewish believers.

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It was both the hymnal and the devotional guide for Jewish believers.

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  1. PSALMSPsalms is the largest book in the Old Testament and the one most often quoted in the New Testament. It was both the hymnal and the devotional guide for Jewish believers. When the collection of Psalms was brought together as one the Hebrew title for the collection was Tehillim, meaning “praises”or“praise songs.” The Greek translators gave it the title “Psalmoi,” meaning “songs to the accompaniment of a stringed instrument.” This was the title used in the days of Jesus (see Acts 1:20).

  2. PSALMS Psalms was the inspired prayer and praise Book of the nation of Israel in their temple worship; the Jews today use them in the synagogue; the Christians of the New Testament times sang them, and all denominations of Christendom use them today. Most of the psalms were written during the era of the united monarchy (the foundational books of 2 Samuel and 1 Kings). The Psalms cover a thousand years of history from Moses (1500 B.C.) to the post exile times (500 B.C.); however, most were written in the hundred-year period from 1030-930 B.C.

  3. PSALMS Hebrew poetry doesn’t have rhyme or rhythm. It’s unique characteristic is repetition of thought, called parallelism. The poet will make a statement in one line, then in a second and perhaps a third like he’ll repeat the thought, extend it, or contrast it with an opposite idea. For example, Psalm 51 is a prayer of confession after committing adultery with Bathsheba. In verse 7, the second line repeats the thought of the first one: Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean: wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow.

  4. Authorship Psalms was written by many men spanning all the periods of Old Testament history. Psalms is commonly called “The Book of David” because he wrote a large number of them. Other songs are attributed to Moses, Solomon, Asaph (David’s levitical choir director), the Sons of Korah, Heman the Ezrahite, and Ethan the Ezrahite. Both Heman and Ethan were reknown for their wisdom.

  5. Authorship A Classification of the Psalms by authors

  6. The Psalms, like the other Old Testament books, may be viewed as having three divine purposes in mind: HISTORICAL PURPOSE The Psalms served a national function for they comprised the worship service hymnal which was the medium of prayer and praise for the Temple-centered religion of the Jewish people. The following examples can be studied to give insight into the historical period from which they come, or about which they were written:

  7. DOCTRINAL PURPOSE All the great doctrines of the Old Testament are taught in the Psalms, especially the doctrine of God. Perhaps the easiest way to summarize the great teachings of the Psalms is to refer to the topics of the five sections to which it is divided. Each section ends with a doxology of praise, and the last section has six chapters of doxology: “Let everything that has breath praise the Lord!”

  8. CHRISTOLOGICAL PURPOSE Psalms is perhaps the most messianic book in the Old Testament. Practically the whole of Christ’s life and ministry can be found there. • The use of the Psalms by our Lord is a most instructive commendation of this great book. The following summary indicates how influential the Psalms were in the life of Christ: • During His childhood (Luke 2:49), Jesus revealed knowledge of Ps. 26:8; 27:4. • In the Sermon on the Mount (Mt. 5:35; 7:23) He quoted Ps. 48:2 and 6:8. • In teaching the multitude (Mt. 13:35) He cited Ps. 78:2. • In cleansing the Temple (Mt. 21:16) He quoted from Ps. 8:2. • In His reply to the priests (Mt. 21:42) Jesus cited Ps. 118:22, 23. • In weeping over Jerusalem (Mt. 23:37) Jesus borrowed language from Ps. 91:4 • In answering the Jews (john 10:34) He quoted Ps. 82:6. • At the Last Supper (Mt. 26:30) Jesus probably sang the Hallel found in Ps. 136. • On the cross Jesus quoted the Psalms twice: Psalm 22:1: “My God, why hast thou forsaken me?” (Mt. 27:46), and Psalm 31:5: “Into thy hand I commit my spirit” (Luke 23:46). • After the resurrection Jesus referred to the whole Book of Psalms with its messianic contents (Luke 24:44).

  9. The Principle Messianic Psalms are: 2, 8, 16, 20, 21,22, 23, 24, 31, 35, 40, 41, 45, 50, 55, 61, 68, 69, 72, 89, 97, 98, 102, 109, 110, 118, and 132 Messianic Psalms prophetically speak of the Person and work of the Messiah. In these Psalms, we have Christ’s birth, betrayal, agony, death, resurrection, ascension, coming again in glory and His reign – all pictured with inspired vividness.

  10. Many other examples could be given, including: • The piercing of His hands and feet (Psalm 22:16), • The fact that His bones were not broken on the cross (Psalm 34:20), • His being mocked while on the cross (Psalm 22:7, 8), • The offer of vinegar (Psalm 69:21), • And His being the object of the hatred of both Jew and Gentile (Psalm 2:1, 2). Each of these verses should be read and studied in order to see the extensive Christological emphasis of the Psalms.

  11. The New Testament applies many citations from the Psalms to its teachings about the Person and life of Christ.

  12. Not all the Psalms are prophetic or messianic. There are other kinds as well. Here is a topical classification of the Psalms:

  13. Other classifications include:

  14. DID YOU KNOW ? The shortest chapter in the Bible, also the middle chapter, is Psalm 117. It has only two verses. The longest chapter in the Bible is Psalm 119, with a whopping 176 verses. This poem is so long because it’s an acrostic built on the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet. The poem has 22 eight-verse sections. The first section starts with the first Hebrew letter, “Aleph.” The second section starts with the next letter, “Beth.” And on it goes, clear through the alphabet. Twenty-two times 8 equals 176. The middle verse in the Bible is this one: “It is better to take refuge in the Lord that to trust in man” (118:8).

  15. DID YOU KNOW ? Many Psalms include musical terminology. Here are some definitions of musical terms:

  16. TO WHOM WERE THE PSALMS WRITTEN? The Psalms in one sense are the most universal of all the Hebrew literature. They speak to ALL men, in ALL conditions, and for ALL time. The original destination of the Psalms, however, is determined by the period in which each was written. Some Psalms were written to the Israelites wandering in the wilderness (90), some to a monarch in regal rejoicing (24), some to sad exiles (137), and still others to the jubilant repatriated remnant (126, 147). Yet, when we read these words of anger, sadness, hope, and praise, they become our own, for they reflect our deepest, and sometimes most private, emotions. There is probably no situation of life that some psalm does not directly address.

  17. You hear the words as someone reads to a dying loved one, or perhaps as a minister comforts the family beside the grave. These words we also say to express our deep trust in God: Psalm 23: 1-4 The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want. 2 He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside the still waters. 3 He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake. 4 Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me.

  18. We use the words in Psalm 8 to give praise to God for His awesome creation and express dismay that He would care for us and entrust such majesty to human beings, such as us:

  19. As David’s prayer of confession in Psalm 51, verse 10, we may find ourselves with a contrite heart and repentant spirit expressing his same words:

  20. In a private passionate prayer for help, expressing deep sorrow because we feel cut off from God, or in a desperate longing to be in His presence and draw from His Spirit, we pray from Psalm 42: As the deer pants for streams of water,so my soul pants for you, my God.2 My soul thirsts for God, for the living God.When can I go and meet with God?3 My tears have been my food day and night,while people say to me all day long,“Where is your God?”

  21. We sing and praise God for His ability to protect us, no matter what the odds. When suffering comes, He is still in control and will help in ways that men can’t fully understand. Psalm 91 expresses our praise:

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