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Mineral Vocabulary

This guide outlines foundational terms in mineralogy, including definitions and characteristics of elements, compounds, molecules, and various types of chemical bonds (covalent, ionic, metallic). It describes minerals and their properties, such as crystal structure and specific gravity. Additionally, it covers the classification of native elements and silicates, and introduces Moh's hardness scale for assessing scratch resistance. This concise overview equips readers with essential mineral vocabulary to aid in further studies or practical applications.

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Mineral Vocabulary

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  1. Mineral Vocabulary INB pp. 2 & 3 p. 3: definitions p. 2: illustrations and/or examples

  2. ELEMENT • The simplest form of a substance that cannot be broken down into smaller parts

  3. COMPOUND • Substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined (different than a molecule) Each color represents DIFFERENT elements! 

  4. MOLECULE • Group of atoms that are linked together by chemical bonds (can be from the SAME element)

  5. COVALENT BOND • Strongest of the chemical bonds; two atoms SHARE electrons

  6. IONIC BOND • Bond made from two oppositely charged ions (positive & negative) attracting and bonding together

  7. METALLIC BOND • Weakest of the chemical bonds; minerals with streak have this type of bond

  8. mineral • Solid, inorganic substance that occurs in nature, with a definite chemical composition and a crystal structure (ISODA)

  9. CRYSTAL • When atoms are bonded together in a repeating pattern

  10. NATIVE ELEMENT • Also called a native mineral; an element that meets the 5 criteria for a mineral and is also found on the periodic table • EX: gold, silver, copper, sulfur, diamond, and graphite

  11. SILICATE • mineral group that forms the common rock forming minerals; all have a silicon and oxygen atom

  12. SPECIFIC GRAVITY • The density of a mineral compared to the density of water

  13. Moh’s hardness • Scale that compares a mineral’s resistance to being scratched on a scale from 1 to 10; 10 being the hardest

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