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TRICHURIS TRICHIURA (WHIP WORM)

TRICHURIS TRICHIURA (WHIP WORM). Morphology. Adult worm It is typically whip shaped. The anterior three fifth of worm is very thin like hair, while posterior two fifth is thick and stout resembling handle of whip.

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TRICHURIS TRICHIURA (WHIP WORM)

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  1. TRICHURIS TRICHIURA (WHIP WORM)

  2. Morphology • Adult worm • It is typically whip shaped. The anterior three fifth of worm is very thin like hair, while posterior two fifth is thick and stout resembling handle of whip. • Female worm is 3-5 cm in length. Male is smaller than the female and has a curved tail. • The posterior extremity of female is arc shaped. • The worm live in large intestine and anterior end is embedded in mucosa

  3. FEMALE MALE

  4. Anterior ends of worms embedded in intestinal mucosa

  5. EGG: • It is barrel or spindle in shape and 20-50mm in size. • It is brownish and has a translucent polar plug at either ends. • The content of the egg is an unsegmented ova.

  6. EPIDEMIOLOGY • Worldwide, with infections more frequent in areas with tropical weather and poor sanitation practices, and among children.  • It is estimated that 800 million people are infected worldwide. 

  7. LIFE CYCLE

  8. LIFE CYCLE • Life cycle is completed in single host: Man. • Adult worms in large intestine release eggs which are passed out into feces. • Eggs need moist environment to mature. • Rhabtidiform larva develops inside eggs and is now called embryonated egg.

  9. LIFE CYCLE • Man acquires infection by ingestion of these embryonated eggs in food and water. • Egg shell dissolved by digestive juices and larva released , passes down to large intestine. • Adult worms develop from larvae and start laying eggs

  10. Pathogenesis • Infection called as Trichuriasis or whip worm infection. • Disease mainly due to mechanical effects or allergic reactions of parasite. • Due to intimate contact of adult worm inflammation and edema of mucosa of large intestine occurs. • The rectum becomes extremely edematous and prolapse may occur.

  11. CLINICAL DISEASE & SYMPTOMS • Light infection: Asymptomatic • Middle infection: Clinical manifestations are usually abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea and constipation. • Heavy infection: Bloody diarrhea, emaciation and prolapse of the anus may occur.

  12. Laboratory diagnosis • Sample: Stool • Demonstration of the barrel shaped eggs with mucus plugs at each poles eggs in feces by floatation method

  13. Laboratory diagnosis • Sigmoidoscopy may show worms attached to the mucus membrane (Coconut rectum) or sometimes intact worms may be passed out in the feces Anterior ends of worms embedded in intestinal mucosa

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