Lesson Six: Pacing Connecting Back – A River Ran Wild Reviewing chronology Early Map

1. Lesson Six: Pacing • Connecting Back – A River Ran Wild • Reviewing chronology • Early Map • Literature Connection – The Log Cabin Quilt • Human/Environment Interaction • Artifact Activity • Cause and Effect • Writing a Historical Narrative

2. Lesson SixMigration and Settlement in Michigan Unit Three: The History of Michigan

3. The BIG Ideas • Pioneers coming to Michigan in the early 1800s had many challenges to overcome. • It was often very difficult to get to land in Michigan because roads were bad. • Once in Michigan, pioneers had to build a log cabins and clear farm land. • Many people thought Michigan was very swampy and had little good farm land. They didn’t want to move to Michigan. • The population of Michigan grew very slowly at first.

5. Now 50 years ago - 1950 100 years ago - 1900 150 years ago - 1850 200 years ago - 1800 300 years ago - 1700 400 years ago - 1600 The British The French

6. Now 50 years ago - 1950 100 years ago - 1900 150 years ago - 1850 200 years ago - 1800 300 years ago - 1700 400 years ago - 1600 The British The French Early Pioneers

7. “A River Ran Wild”page 8 & 9

8. “A River Ran Wild” • Early settlements began to develop along the river where the trading post had been. • Although this book refers in events in another state, it is similar events that happened in Michigan. • In this lesson we will explore how settlers began to move (migrate) to Michigan and build farms and villages.

10. Early Michigan History Which American Indian groups lived in Michigan? What are some of the things you remember about their cultures? Why did the French come to the Great Lakes region? What were some ways the French and the American Indians interacted? How did the British come to control Michigan? What were some ways the British and the American Indians interacted? How did Michigan become part of the new country called the United States of America?

11. Mystery Source • Analyze the source carefully. • Write what you think it is in your journal. • The mystery source is a map of Michigan from about two hundred years ago. • Is it a primary or a secondary source? • Why do you think that? • It is a primary source because it was map created long ago.

16. Michigan Two Hundred Years Ago…(drawing conclusions from the map) • The maps of Michigan were not very accurate at the time. Parts of Michigan like the “Thumb” area are distorted. • Early Michigan maps showed rivers and where American Indians lived. • The only settlements shown on the map were Detroit and Fort St. Joseph. • Rivers were important to people 200 years ago. • There were still a lot of American Indians living in Michigan.

17. Early Michigan • When Michigan became part of the United States at the end of the American Revolution there were only two main settlements in Michigan - one at Detroit and one on Mackinac Island. • Slowly people began to move to Michigan to settle the land and become farmers. We often refer to these early settlers as pioneers.

18. Imagine what it was like to move to a brand-new place that had few roads, few maps to describe it, and was covered by forests. Your Task Work with a partner to make a list of challenges facing these early Michigan pioneers.

19. Life as an Early Michigan Settler Without many roads people could get lost. It would be hard to get a wagon through an area that had no roads. If there were no roads there were probably no bridges across streams. There were no bridges so even small creeks were a problem. There were probably a lot of things in the way like fallen trees. There were wild animals. To build a house you would have to cut down trees and build it by yourself. You had to find food. You had to clear land in order to grow food.

20. “The Log Cabin Quilt” by: Ellen Howard This is the story of a pioneer family that moves to Michigan after the death of the family’s mother.

21. Describe some of the Challenges that Faced the Family

22. . Sequence of Events in “The Log Cabin Quilt”

23. Detailed Sequence of Events in “The Log Cabin Quilt” • The family traveled to Michigan by wagon from North Carolina after the death of the mother. • They arrived at a clearing in the woods. • The father and son cut down trees for the log cabin. • They began to build the log cabin and stayed in the wagon while it was being built. • They put the roof on the cabin. • They chinked the log walls with mud, grass and moss. • They unpacked the wagon and put their belongings in the cabin. • The father went hunting for food for the winter. • It got very cold and the mud chinks froze and some came out of the walls. • They chinked the cabin walls with the family quilt scraps. • The father came home very cold and tired, dragging a deer with him. • The cabin began to feel like home.

24. Settling in Michiganby Lynn Deur These are authentic pioneer stories of early settlers.

25. Pioneer Life • 1. Getting to the land • Traveling over rocky, muddy roads that • had no bridges • Running the risk of getting lost • 2. Building a temporary shanty to live in or living in your wagon • 3. Building a cabin • Cutting 50 to 60 trees • Constructing walls of logs • Cutting in a door and windows • Using greased paper for windows since they had no glass • Building a fireplace • Making roof shingles of sliced logs • Making a roof out of the shingles • Holding down the shingles with small logs since nails were usually not available •  4. Clearing the land • Cutting trees • Removing rocks • 5. Planting a crop like wheat • 6. Other Challenges • snowstorms, • thunderstorms • wild animals • mosquitoes

26. Let’s Explore Michigan Pioneers… • Spring 2004 issue of Michigan History for Kids, which featured “Pioneers Settling a State.” • December 2001 issue of The Mitten, which featured “Pioneer Life.” • pages 153 - 154 and 164 - 166 in Meet Michigan.

27. What are some ways in which American Indians and the French used, adapted to, and changed their environment? Identify examples of how early pioneers used, adapted to, and changed their environment in Michigan.

28. Human/Environment Interaction

29. Human/Environment InteractionSample Answers • They used trees to build log cabins. • They used the land for farming. • They hunted animals for food. • They built houses using the materials around them. • They found ways to survive mosquitoes and bad weather. • They found ways to get to places when there were no roads. • They cut down trees to build houses. • They cleared land for farms.

30. “How do you think historians learned about early pioneer life in Michigan that occurred around 200 years ago?” Some early settlers wrote journals or diaries of their experiences. Some of the stories in the book “Settling in Michigan” were based on these diaries. Historians have also studied artifacts from sites where pioneers lived long ago. One such site is called the “Ponton Site,” which is located in Chippewa Nature Center near Midland, Michigan.

31. The Ponton Site • The Ponton site has a 1830s settler cabin on the north side of the Chippewa River. • A man named Art Pomranky originally discovered the site in the 1950s. He collected artifacts on the surface of the site. • In 1995 he brought the site to the attention of the Oxbow Archaeologists. This group began excavations at the site in 2002, and has continued to work at the site each summer since then. • Historical documents show that Thomas Ponton bought the land in 1832. He and his brother built a cabin in the area and planned to build a mill nearby. They only stayed at the site for about 3 years.

32. Artifact Activity • These are examples of artifacts found at the Ponton site. • Work together to figure out what each artifact is. • Use the “Analyzing Artifacts Chart” to write your ideas. • You must also come up with supporting evidence to back up your conclusions.

34. Artifact Card OneArtifactscourtesy of Chippewa Nature Center and the Oxbow Archaeologists

35. Artifact Card TwoArtifactscourtesy of Chippewa Nature Center and the Oxbow Archaeologists

36. Artifact Card ThreeArtifactscourtesy of Chippewa Nature Center and the Oxbow Archaeologists

37. Artifact Card FourArtifactscourtesy of Chippewa Nature Center and the Oxbow Archaeologists

38. Analyzing Artifacts Chart

39. What Do Archaeologists Think? Artifact #1 This is a plated silver spoon fragment. It matches other types of silver spoons from the early 1800s.

40. What Do Archaeologists Think? Artifact #2 Archaeologists identified this as a brass U.S. Army Artillery officer’s button made between 1827 and 1840. Using historical records, they discovered that a young army engineer who had been an artillery officer was doing surveying in the area of the Ponton site. They think the button belonged to him.

41. What Do Archaeologists Think? Artifact #3 This is a plate fragment made by the Clews family in England between 1818 and 1834. Archaeologists were able to trace the history of the artifact using the fragments of letters on the back.

42. What Do Archaeologists Think? Artifact #4 This is an iron punch with the initials “TP”. Archaeologists think it stands for “Thomas Ponton” the original owner of the site. It helps prove they are really working on the old Ponton cabin site.

43. What Do Archaeologists Think? Artifact #1 This is a plated silver spoon fragment. It matches other types of silver spoons from the early 1800s. Artifact #2 Archaeologists identified this as a brass U.S. Army Artillery officer’s button made between 1827 and 1840. Using historical records, they discovered that a young army engineer who had been an artillery officer was doing surveying in the area of the Ponton site. They think the button belonged to him. Artifact #3 This is a plate fragment made by the Clews family in England between 1818 and 1834. Archaeologists were able to trace the history of the artifact using the fragments of letters on the back. Artifact #4 This is an iron punch with the initials “TP”. Archaeologists think it stands for “Thomas Ponton” the original owner of the site. It helps prove they are really working on the old Ponton cabin site.

44. Despite some early pioneers who came to settle in Michigan, like those in this lesson, the population grew very slowly. Some reasons for this slow population growth are below. It was hard to travel to Michigan. Coming by water took a long time and was described as “dangerous, unreliable, and uncomfortable.” Coming by land meant traveling on rocky, muddy roads and often having to cross an area known as the “Black Swamp” in northwestern Ohio. To Survey means to mapping, measuring, and describing an area of land. Not much of Michigan had been surveyed. The early surveys that had been done were often inaccurate. They reported that Michigan was a land of “unhealthful swamps and a sandy waste not suitable for farming.” People in the eastern part of the United States felt that Michigan did not have much to offer, especially to farmers.

45. Think of things that could be done to solve some of the problems that were keeping settlers from coming to Michigan. • build better roads • find a better way to travel by boat • build towns to encourage settlers to come • survey Michigan so accurate maps could be made

46. Cause and Effect Chart

47. Cause and Effect ChartSample Answers

48. Writing Plan for a Historical Narrative

49. primary sources records made by people who saw or took place in an event Example: Photographs, diaries, newspaper articles and letters are primary sources.

50. secondary sources records written by someone who was not there at the time of the event Example: Textbooks are secondary sources.