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Cell Organization and Composition: Understanding Cells, Tissues, and Macromolecules

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  1. LN# 6 Life Substances

  2. How are cells organized? Muscle Cell • Cells are specialized to do specific jobs. • Cells do not work alone. • Many thousands of cells make up a tissue. • Tissue = a group of cells that work together to perform a specific function. • Organs are made of many types of tissue. Muscle Tissue Organ Organ system Organism

  3. What are cells made of? • Cells are made of 4 types of macromolecules. • Macromolecules are large molecules used by your body. • The 4 types of macromolecules are polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins.

  4. Macromolecule Structure • All macromolecules have the same basic structure. • The large molecule (polymer) is made by joining smaller molecules (monomer) together.

  5. Polysaccharides • Polymer = polysaccharides. • Monomer = Monosaccharides. • Function = • store energy, • provide structure, • used by cell for identification and building material. • Sacchar means sugar. • This group of molecules are carbohydrates or sugars.

  6. Lipids (fats) • Polymer = Lipids • Monomer = glycerol and fatty acid tails. • Function = • Important part of membranes. • Store energy, one gram of fat stores more than twice as much energy as a gram of carbohydrate. • Protection and cushion of organs. • Insulation.

  7. Nucleotide Nucleid Acids • Polymer = Nucleic Acids • Monomer = Nucleotides • Function = • Stores genetic information in the form of a code. • Instruction for making proteins. DNA

  8. Proteins • Polymer = Proteins • Monomer = Amino acids • Function = • Speed up chemical reactions (enzymes). • Pump molecules in and out of the cell. • Allows cell to move. • Protect against disease. • Hormones are proteins. Protein being made by the cell.

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