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Immediacy Responsiveness Synchrony

Nonverbal Communication. Expresses. Immediacy Responsiveness Synchrony. Non verbal……. Most nonverbal communication is unconscious or subconscious Occurs mostly face-to-face Three factors in message interpretation: Verbal Impact, 7 percent Vocal Impact, 38 percent

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Immediacy Responsiveness Synchrony

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  1. Nonverbal Communication Expresses... • Immediacy • Responsiveness • Synchrony

  2. Non verbal…… • Most nonverbal communication is unconscious or subconscious • Occurs mostly face-to-face • Three factors in message interpretation: • Verbal Impact, 7 percent • Vocal Impact, 38 percent • Facial Impact, 55 percent

  3. Non-Verbal Communication – a definition… • It is the way people: • Reinforce the spoken word • Replace the spoken word using their bodies to make visual signals or their voices to make oral but non-verbal signals

  4. Medium – NON VERBAL sign language – gestures action language – movements object language – pictures, clothes etc

  5. Verbal Communication-7% Bodily Movements, Gestures-55% Voice tone-38%

  6. Types of Non-verbal Communication • Kinesics • Paralanguage or Para Linguistics • Proxemics • Haptics • Oculesics • Olfactics • Chronemics • Chromatics • Silence • Sign language

  7. Kinesics (the study of body movements, gestures, facial expressions, etc., as a means of communication) Everything except the words!

  8. Kinesics Defined - the study of posture, movement, gestures, & facial expression.

  9. Kinesics: facial expression • Birdwhistle (1970): the face is capable of conveying 250,000 expressions

  10. Body Language (Kinesics) • Body language includes facial expressions, gestures, and posture and stance. • To interpret facial expressions correctly, it is important to take the communication context and culture into account. • People in some cultures rarely show emotion (China); Asians will smile or laugh softly when they are embarrassed.

  11. Effective Use of Body language • Mind the body talk • Be careful with the handshake • Establish good Eye contact • Communicate at the level of the person before you • We must be ourselves • Graceful Movements and Confident posture improve the atmosphere at the workplace

  12. We categorize kinesics into 5 different kinds.

  13. 1. Affect Displays • Movements of the face to convey or show emotions • Happy, sad, fear, anger, etc.

  14. 2. Emblems • Substitutions for words • Specific verbal translation • EX: “OK,” “peace,” “be quiet”

  15. 3. Illustrators • Accompany and literally illustrate the verbal message • EX: Saying, “Let’s go” while motioning with your hands for them to go, it was “this big” while showing how big, making a circular motion while talking about a circle

  16. Illustrator • Asking, “What time is it?” • At the same time, pointing to your watch.

  17. 4. Regulators • Monitor, maintain, or control the speaking of another individual • EX: nodding your head, “keep going,” “speed up”

  18. Regulators • Who is sending an “I’m really listening” regulator message? How do you know?

  19. 5. Adaptors • Satisfy a need & are usually unconscious • 3 types: • Self-adaptors • Alter-adaptors • Object-adaptors

  20. 5. Adaptors • Self-adaptors: satisfy a physical need EX: scratching your head, pushing your hair out of your face

  21. 5. Adaptors • Self-adaptors • Alter-adaptors: body movements you make in response to your current interactions EX: crossing your arms when someone unpleasant approaches

  22. 5. Adaptors • Self-adaptors • Alter-adaptors • Object-adaptors: manipulation of objects; often happen when feeling hostile EX: clicking pen, chewing pencil

  23. Vocal Cues Paralinguistic features - no word sounds & non word characteristics of language. Paralanguage or Para Linguistics ( systematic study of how a speaker verbalizes)

  24. Vocal Cues Paralinguistic features Vocal cues - all the oral aspects of sound except words themselves, which include... pitch, rate, inflection, volume, quality, sounds & silence, pronunciation, articulation, & enunciation.

  25. Voice • Pitch variation • Those who speak in monotones fail to keep listener’s attention • People in authority or When excited speak in high pitched voice • Speaking Speed • Fluency in language is not the same thing as the speed of speaking • We should present easy parts of message at a brisk pace and difficult, complicated parts at slower pace. • In state of anxiety, urgency we speak fast and when relaxed at a comfortable speed.

  26. Pause • Pace of speaking is also accompanied by pauses • But pauses have to be at the right moments • A pause can be highly effective in emphasizing the upcoming subject and in gaining listener’s attention • However frequent, arbitrary pauses spoil the speech and distract listener’s attention • Very important for a speaker to carefully monitor pauses

  27. Non fluencies • Pauses often inserted with sounds like ah, oh, uh, um, you know, OK, yawning, laughing, chuckling… • Carefully and sparingly used they add fluency to speaker, give them time to breathe/ relax, make listener more alert • Too frequent insertions may irritate listener

  28. Volume Variation • Loudness of our voice should be adjusted according to size of audience • Some speakers believe only way to sound convincing is to speak louder 2. Proper word stress Eg: Have you met my wife before?

  29. Proxemics-Space Language(study of distance individuals maintain between each other while interacting and its significance)

  30. Proxemics-Space Language • Intimate-Physical contact/touch to 1.5 feet eg with our family members, closest friends and selected people • Personal-18 inches to 4 feet eg normal conversations with close friends, colleagues, associates and visitors • Social-4 to 12 feet. Used mostly for formal purposes • Public-12 feet to as far as we can see and hear

  31. Proxemics Defined Territoriality Personal space - bubble of space that moves with you.

  32. Hall’s Distance Categories Intimate distance Contact to 18 inches

  33. Proxemics:

  34. Hall’s Distance Categories Public distance 12 feet or more

  35. Hall’s Distance Categories Personal distance 18 inches to 4 feet

  36. Hall’s Distance Categories Social distance 4 feet to 12 feet

  37. Space (Proxemics) People in the U.S. tend to need more space than do persons of other cultures. U.S. persons back away when people stand too close. Standing too close is interpreted as being pushy or overbearing; standing too close may also be interpreted as unwelcome sexual advances.

  38. U.S. people need more space than do Greeks, Latin Americans, or Arabs.The Japanese stand even farther away than do U.S. persons.

  39. Haptics • Refers to communicating through the use of bodily contact • When used properly, touch can create feelings of warmth and trust • When used improperly, touch can betray trust and cause annoyance • Some cultures are very comfortable with bodily contact, others avoid it. Eg • In US touching has a lot to do with hierarchy • In Thailand it is offensive to touch head

  40. Touch (Haptics) • Touch, when used properly, may create feelings of warmth and trust; when used improperly, touch may cause annoyance and betray trust. • Hierarchy is a consideration when using touch in the U.S.: people who are older or higher rank may touch those who are younger or of lower rank; equals may touch each other.

  41. “Don't Touch” Cultures • Japan • U.S. and Canada • England • Scandinavia • Other N. European countries

  42. Middle Ground Countries • Australia • France • China • Ireland • India • Middle East countries

  43. “Touch” Cultures • Latin American countries • Italy • Greece • Spain and Portugal • Some Asian countries • Russian Federation

  44. Location of the Touch Is Important • Appropriate touch in the U.S. is limited to shaking hands in business situations - no hugs or expressions of affection. • In Thailand do not touch the head. • Do not touch Asians on the shoulders or even the back of the worker's chair. • Avoid touching a person with the left hand in the Middle East.

  45. Several years ago, when President Carter was mediating peace talks between Egypt and Israel, Anwar Sadat frequently placed his hand on President Carter’s knee. While this subtextual message was intended as a gesture of warm friendship, the subtler message Sadat was conveying to the world was that he was President Carter’s equal. Fast, Body Language in the Workplace

  46. Oculesics • Study of eye-contact as a form of non-verbal communication. • Eye contact is the most important cue • Avoiding eye contact considered as insecure, untrustworthy • Direct eye contact may be misinterpreted as hostility, aggressiveness • Lowering eyes in China and Indonesia-sign of respect. They prefer indirect eye contact, prolonged eye contact is seen as sign of bad manners

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