1 / 33

Atmospheric observatories at Pallas-Sodankylä and Tiksi as examples of the IASOA project

Atmospheric observatories at Pallas-Sodankylä and Tiksi as examples of the IASOA project. Yrjö Viisanen, Jussi Paatero, Tuomas Laurila, Taneil Uttal * , Heikki Lihavainen, and Esko Kyrö Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland yrjo.viisanen@fmi.fi

doyle
Télécharger la présentation

Atmospheric observatories at Pallas-Sodankylä and Tiksi as examples of the IASOA project

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Atmospheric observatories at Pallas-Sodankylä and Tiksi as examples of the IASOA project Yrjö Viisanen, Jussi Paatero, Tuomas Laurila, Taneil Uttal*, Heikki Lihavainen, and Esko Kyrö Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland yrjo.viisanen@fmi.fi * NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, United States Taneil.Uttal@noaa.gov

  2. Projections of Future Changes in Climate Projected warming in 21st century expected to be greatest over land and at most high northern latitudes and least over the Southern Ocean and parts of the North Atlantic Ocean Source: IPCC 2007, www.ipcc.ch

  3. Changes in sea ice cover – Change in planetary albedo Melting Greenland ice sheet – Rises in sea level Melting permafrost – Release of sequestered greenhouse gases

  4. International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere (IASOA) In early 2005 860 EOIs were submitted to the IPY committee. The IASOA EOI, proposed by NOAA, was chosen to lead the coordination of 19 related Atmospheric EOIs into an IPY Activity. The IASOA Activity received IPY endorsement and is Activity 196. About 6 additional EOIs have ‘joined’ this activity since. http://classic.ipy.org/development/eoi/proposal-details.php?id=196

  5. Elements of IASOA • Develop intensive Arctic atmospheric/interdisciplinary observatories with International partnerships • Enhance atmospheric networks (e.g. BSRN, GAW, CRN, Aeronet, UVnet, MPLNet) • Coordinate ongoing monitoring activities with field campaigns • Integrate with AON, GEWEX, SEARCH, WCRP IASOA Partner Countries: Canada, Finland, Norway, Russia, Denmark, China, Germany, Japan, Sweden, United States, Italy Partner Countries

  6. Circumpolar Atmospheric Observatories

  7. Rational for Intensive Atmospheric Observatories To understand the Arctic atmosphere it is necessary to have detailed measurements of clouds, aerosols, radiation and surface fluxes. Clouds in the Arctic have been shown in a number of studies to have a major influence on surface radiation budgets and resulting surface temperatures, ice ablation/melt rates, and the onset of the annual snow melt season. Aerosols contribute to balances in the Arctic atmosphere by direct forcing and also by indirect cloud-aerosol effects. The emphasis is on taking measurements that contribute to understanding WHY climate is changing and not just HOW climate is changing. There is a special emphasis on untangling natural and anthropogenic influences, through process studies, satellite validation and model support.

  8. Pallas-Sodankylä GAW Station: - 150 km north of the Arctic Circle - GAW global station since 1994

  9. Arctic Research Centre of the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI-ARC) at Sodankylä

  10. The first meteorological observations at Sodankylä were made during the First International Polar Year in 1882-1883. Regular aerological observations at the FMI-ARC have been conducted already over 60 years constituting one of the longest upper atmosphere meteorological observation series north of the Arctic circle. Monitoring station at Sodankylä during the First International Polar Year in 1882-1883

  11. Measurements at Sodankylä include • Upper-air weather, ozone, aerosol and radioactivity soundings • spectral UV radiation • airborne radioactivity • climatological and other meteorological parameters • total ozone column • deposition of acidifying compounds, e.g. sulphate • aerosol optical depth • Carbon dioxide flux between a pine forest and the atmosphere The FMI's northernmost weather radar is situated on the top of Luosto fell 25 km south of the FMI-ARC. The range of the radar covers most of the northern Finland.

  12. Total ozone in March at Sodankylä 30 % decrease 1971-1995 1995- levelling out Montreal protocol or temporary stratospheric phenomenom? Data: BUV, TOMS, GOME and Brewer

  13. Pallas site Main station: Sammaltunturi (560 m asl, 67o58’N, 24o07’E) - in the northern border of the boreal forest zone - on the top of a hill some 100 m above the tree line

  14. The measurements at Sammaltunturi include • reactive gases (ozone, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) • greenhouse gas concentrations (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and sulphur hexafluoride) • aerosol particle number concentration and size distribution • PM10 particle mass concentration • aerosol scattering coefficient • black carbon • volatile organic compounds (ethane, propane etc.) • stable isotopes • radon-222 • meteorological parameters

  15. CO2 concentration in the air at Sammaltunturi, Pallas

  16. Kenttärova spruce forest station18 m high towerMeasurement of CO2, heat and water vapour flux between the atmosphere and the spruce forestmicrometeorologicaleddy covariance and accumulation chamber methods

  17. Daily CO2 balances at the spruce forest site in 2003

  18. Lompolojänkkä sedge fen station CH4 and CO2 fluxes CH4 concentrations

  19. Methane flux measurement at Lompolojänkkä

  20. Matorova • The measurements include • airborne and deposited inorganic main components (sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, sodium, calcium, etc.) • Airborne and deposited heavy metals (lead, cadmium, etc) • Airborne and deposited mercury • Airborne and deposited POPs • meteorological parameters

  21. Lead and Cadmium Deposition at Matorova, Pallas 1996-2005

  22. Laukukero automatic weather station, 755 m a.s.l. wind, temperature and humidity observations along the hill slope

  23. Tiksi Tiksi: Joint project for atmospheric monitoring and research in Tiksi, Siberia by The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), The Russian Hydrometeorological Institute (Roshydromet) and the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) Pallas-Sodankylä

  24. Tiksi July 2005: Old meteorological observatory 71 deg 35’ 10.4” N 128 deg 55’ 0.8” E

  25. National Science Foundation, USA, rebuilt Tiksi observatory in 2006

  26. Building erection

  27. Interiors

  28. Technical room. Water preparation system Hall Cold storage Enforced roof zone

  29. Candidate site for a clean air facility east of Roshydromet observatory Plans for construction in 2007: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/psd3/arctic/meetings/tiksi/

  30. Sketch of the clean air facility at Tiksi

  31. Greenhouse gas, aerosol and air pollutant studies by the Finnish Meteorological Institute at the Tiksi clean air facility - to support IPY/IASOA, ACIA and AMAP programmes and to help Russians to start atmospheric composition monitoring: • CO2 and CH4 concentrations and their trends • CO2 and CH4 balances of a typical tundra landscape • Aerosol physics including cloud formation • Measurements of airborne mercury, lead, cadmium, and PAH compounds

  32. Thank You for Your Attention! yrjo.viisanen@fmi.fi

More Related