Did the prevention strategy work?

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2. Hypotheses 1 How is this disease distributed? 2 Is there an association? 3 Is the association causal? 4 What should be done to prevent the disease? Where are we and where are we going? What’s my hypothesis? Did the exposure and the disease turn up together? Why did the exposure and the disease turn up together? What should I do? What should society do? 5 Did the prevention strategy work? Was is worth the effort? Should we continue it? Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

3. Review Epi Talk Risk Management Steps taken to reduce the levels of risk to which an individual or a population is exposed. Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

4. Review Epi Talk Strategy Evaluation A scientific investigation of the effectiveness of a risk management strategy. Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

5. Evaluation Issues COSTSBENEFITS Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

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7. Epi Talk Epi Talk Efficiency The effects achieved in relationship to the time, energy, and money expended. Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

8. Epi Talk Epi Talk Cost-Benefit Analysis A tool for deciding how to allocate money based on a comparison of the dollar value of implementing a risk management strategy (cost) to the dollar value of what the strategy will accomplish (benefit). Results in a cost-benefit ratio. Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

9. Costs and Benefits Scale Risk Management Strategy: Law Requiring Children to Wear Bicycle Helmets Costs Benefits Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

10. Costs and Benefits Scale Risk Management Strategy: Law Requiring Children to Wear Bicycle Helmets For every dollar of cost spent on this risk management strategy, how many dollars of benefit are received? Cost to Benefit Ratio $ X,XXX $ XXX,XXX Benefits Costs Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

11. Costs and Benefits Scale Risk Management Strategy: Law Requiring Children to Wear Bicycle Helmets For every dollar of cost spent on this risk management strategy, how many dollars of benefit are received? Cost to Benefit Ratio $ X,XXX $ XXX,XXX Costs Benefits Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

12. Costs and Benefits Scale Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

13. Costs and Benefits Scale Risk Management Strategy: Law Requiring Children to Wear Bicycle Helmets Name Calling Messed up Hair Enforcement Helmet Costs Benefits Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

14. Costs and Benefits Scale Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

15. Costs and Benefits Scale Risk Management Strategy: Law Requiring Children to Wear Bicycle Helmets Less Long Term Care Name Calling Fewer Trips to ER Messed up Hair Enforcement Fewer Head Injuries Helmet Costs Benefits Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

16. Costs and Benefits Scale Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

17. Costs and Benefits Scale Risk Management Strategy: Law Requiring Children to Wear Bicycle Helmets Less Long Term Care 1 x Name Calling 5,000 x Messed up Hair Fewer Trips to ER 20 x 5,000 x Enforcement 200 x Fewer Head Injuries 20 x Helmet 900 x Costs Benefits Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

18. Costs and Benefits Scale Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

19. Costs and Benefits Scale Risk Management Strategy: Law Requiring Children to Wear Bicycle Helmets Less Long Term Care 1 x $ 100,000 Name Calling 5,000 x $ 5 Messed up Hair 5,000 x $ 1 Fewer Trips to ER 20 x $ 1,000 Enforcement $ 100 200 x Fewer Head Injuries 20 x $ 500 Helmet 900 x $ 50 Costs Benefits Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

20. Costs and Benefits Scale Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

21. Costs and Benefits Scale Risk Management Strategy: Law Requiring Children to Wear Bicycle Helmets Less Long Term Care 1 x $ 100,000 Name Calling 5,000 x $ 5 Messed up Hair 5,000 x 20 x Fewer Trips to ER $ 1,000 $ 1 Enforcement 200 x $ 100 20 x Fewer Head Injuries $ 500 Helmet 900 x $ 50 = $45,000 Costs Benefits Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

22. Costs and Benefits Scale Risk Management Strategy: Law Requiring Children to Wear Bicycle Helmets Less Long Term Care 1 x = $100,000 $ 100,000 Name Calling 5,000 x $ 5 = $25,000 Messed up Hair 5,000 x $ 1 = $5,000 Fewer Trips to ER 20 x $ 1,000 = $20,000 Enforcement $ 100 = $20,000 200 x Fewer Head Injuries 20 x $ 500 = $10,000 Helmet $ 50 = $45,000 900 x Costs Benefits Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

23. Costs and Benefits Scale Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

24. $ 95,000 Costs and Benefits Scale Risk Management Strategy: Law Requiring Children to Wear Bicycle Helmets Less Long Term Care = $100,000 1 x $ 100,000 Name Calling 5,000 x $ 5 = $25,000 Messed up Hair = $20,000 5,000 x $ 1 $ 1,000 = $5,000 Fewer Trips to ER 20 x Enforcement $ 100 = $20,000 200 x $ 500 = $10,000 Fewer Head Injuries 20 x Helmet $ 50 = $45,000 900 x Costs Benefits Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

25. Costs and Benefits Scale Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

26. $ 130,000 Costs and Benefits Scale Risk Management Strategy: Law Requiring Children to Wear Bicycle Helmets Less Long Term Care 1 x = $100,000 $ 100,000 Name Calling 5,000 x $ 5 = $25,000 Fewer Trips to ER 20 x $ 1,000 = $20,000 Messed up Hair 5,000 x $ 1 = $5,000 Enforcement $ 100 = $20,000 200 x Fewer Head Injuries 20 x $ 500 = $10,000 Helmet $ 50 = $45,000 900 x Costs Benefits Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

27. Costs and Benefits Scale Risk Management Strategy: Law Requiring Children to Wear Bicycle Helmets Less Long Term Care 1 x = $100,000 $ 100,000 Name Calling 5,000 x $ 5 = $25,000 Fewer Trips to ER 20 x $ 1,000 = $20,000 Messed up Hair 5,000 x $ 1 = $5,000 Enforcement $ 100 = $20,000 200 x Fewer Head Injuries 20 x $ 500 = $10,000 Helmet $ 50 = $45,000 900 x $ 95,000 $ 130,000 Costs Benefits Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

28. Costs and Benefits Scale Risk Management Strategy: Law Requiring Children to Wear Bicycle Helmets For every dollar of cost spent on this risk management strategy, how many dollars of benefit are received? Less Long Term Care 1 x = $100,000 $ 100,000 Name Calling 5,000 x $ 5 = $25,000 Fewer Trips to ER 20 x $ 1,000 = $20,000 Messed up Hair 5,000 x $ 1 = $5,000 Enforcement $ 100 = $20,000 200 x Fewer Head Injuries 20 x $ 500 = $10,000 Helmet $ 50 = $45,000 900 x $ 95,000 $ 130,000 Costs Benefits Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

29. Costs and Benefits Scale Risk Management Strategy: Law Requiring Children to Wear Bicycle Helmets For every dollar of cost spent on this risk management strategy, how many dollars of benefit are received? Less Long Term Care 1 x = $100,000 $ 100,000 Called Names 5,000 x $ 5 = $25,000 Fewer Trips to ED 20 x $ 1,000 = $20,500 5,000 x $ 1 Messes Hair = $5,000 $130,000 / $95,000 = 1.37 Enforcement $ 100 = $20,500 5,2200 x Fewer Head Injuries 20 x $ 500 = $10,000 Cost to Benefit Ratio Helmet $ 50 = $4,500 5,2900 x $ 95,000 $ 130,000 Costs Benefits Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

30. Epi Talk Epi Talk Offsetting Effects Other risks that are created by implementing a risk management strategy. Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

31. Offsetting Effects Other risks that are created by implementing a risk management strategy. Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

32. Offsetting Effects Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

33. Offsetting Effects Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

34. Offsetting Effects Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

35. Offsetting Effects Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

36. Offsetting Effects Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues

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38. Investigation 5-3 has ended. CDC Evaluation Issues Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 5-3: Evaluation Issues