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Exploring Exotic Properties of Kaonic Nuclei for the Future

Discover the mysterious world of Kaonic Nuclei, deeply bound structures with dense states, through Antisymmetrized Molecular Dynamics. This study reveals drastic nuclear structure changes, isovector deformation, proton satellites, and the high density formed in K nuclei. Collaborating with experts, the research demonstrates the attractive nature of the AY KN potential, and aims to delve deeper into quark-level investigations. As experiments unfold, a new realm of exotic systems awaits exploration.

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Exploring Exotic Properties of Kaonic Nuclei for the Future

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  1. A. Dote （KEK） ´ Dense K nuclei- To go forward - • Introduction • Exotic properties of K nuclei • To go forward (Future plan) • Summary Y. Akaishi (Nihon univ.) T. Yamazaki (RIKEN) W. Weise (TU Muenchen) KEK Nuclear workshop @ KEK, ’06.Aug.3

  2. K nuclear state K nuclear state Introduction What are kaonic nuclei (K nuclei)? • K- meson is bound in a nucleus by strong interaction. cf) Kaonic atom K- meson is around a nucleus, bound by Coulomb interaction. • K nuclei can exist as discrete states, • since K- meson is deeply bound below Σπ threshold. KNNN… ΣπNN…

  3. Very attractive I=0 KN interaction makes … Deeply bound; Binding energy of K- > 100 MeV Discrete state; Below Σπ threshold ... Deeply bound kaonic nuclei Phenomenological KN potential (AY KN potential) Strongly attractive. • free KN scattering data • 1s level shift of kaonic hydrogen atom • binding energy and width of Λ(1405) = K- + proton Y. Akaishi and T. Yamazaki, PRC 52 (2002) 044005

  4. My motivation … Akaishi’s special lecture held in Kyoto university in ’00. 8Be + K- Only one K- meson can drastically change the nuclear structure? Y. Akaishi and T. Yamazaki, PRC 52 (2002) 044005

  5. K- Fully microscopic treatment No assumption on nuclear structure; cluster, deformation … System self-organizes only following energy variation. Kaonicnucleus normal nucleus ?? ? ? ? ?? ? What kind of structure does A+1 system favor? Exotic features of K nuclei Antisymmetrized Molecular Dynamics（AMD） K- meson = a seed of strong attraction Normal nucleus p p n n

  6. Single nucleon/kaon wave function + Charge projection of total wave function ☆ Improve AMD for K nuclei mixing

  7. Deep potential Y. Akaishi T. Yamazaki A. Dote W. Weise Shallow potential E. Oset H. Toki A. Gal Akaishi-san’s talk Prof. Oset’s talk Hamiltonian in AMD calculation : effective NN int. Tamagaki potential (OPEG) : effective KN int. AY KN potential G-matrix method Y. Akaishi and T. Yamazaki, PRC 52 (2002) 044005 vs

  8. Isovector deformation Binding energy of K- = 104 MeV Nucleus-K-threshold pppK- (simple AMD) Σπ threshold Width (Σπ, Λπ) Density (/fm^3) 0.0 0.41 0.83 Density (/fm^3) 0.0 0.10 0.20 8BeK- Proton satellite Rrms = 1.42 fm β = 0.55 Central density = 0.76/fm^3 8Be Rrms = 2.46 fm β = 0.63 Central density = 0.10 /fm^3 4.5 normal density AMD studies revealed … • E(K) > 100 MeV for various light nuclei • Drastic change of the structure of 8Be, • isovector deformation in 8BeK- • Highly dense state is formed in K nuclei. • maximum density > 4ρ0 • averaged density 2～4ρ0 • Proton satellite in pppK- A. D., H. Horiuchi, Y. Akaishi and T. Yamazaki, PLB 590 (2004) 51; PRC 70 (2004) 044313.

  9. 1.67 1.14 1.78 2.55 2.53 4 fm Single K- meson can interact with limited numbers of nucleons? Saturation of E(K) 4.1ρ0 Various shapes of K nuclei ppnK- pppK- pppnK- 3 fm 8.8ρ0 9.2ρ0 7.6ρ0 6BeK- 9BK- 4 fm 4.1ρ0 5.4ρ0

  10. ①Deeply bound and Dense ②Drastic change of structure 8Be 8BeK- ③Isovector deformation ④proton satellite pppK- Kaonic nuclei ＝ exotic system

  11. Various groups are trying to search for deeply bound kaonic nuclei in various way. • T. Suzuki, M.Iwasaki et al; 4He(stopped K-, n or p) @ KEK ppnK-: B.E. = 169MeV, pnnK-: B.E. = 195MeV • H. Fujioka, T. Nagae et al; ppK- @ DAΦNE ppK-: B.E. = 116MeV • Kishimoto et al; 16O(inflight K-, n) 15OK- @ BNL • N.Herrmann et al; • Invariant-mass method (heavy-ion collision) @ GSI • ppnK-: B.E. ～150MeV (preliminary) • K. Suzuki et al; proton induced reaction @ GSI • J-PARC

  12. 真実 To go forward • The technique of • conventional nuclear physics • Phenomenological KN interaction Truth K nucleus has very exotic properties! • Experimental results are coming up.

  13. 2, Using more theoretical KN interaction • Energy- and density-dependence • I=1 P-wave interaction • … Attractive below Σ(1385). • … Large contribution at high density? Additional attraction to deeply bound kaonic nuclei 3, Mystery of two-body absorption (KNN --> YN) … large decay width at high density K nuclei can survive? Collaborating with W. Weise To go forward … 1, Short-range repulsive core part of NN interaction The repulsive core part of the effective NN potential derived by G-matrix method is too much smoothed out for the study of kaonic nuclei? “Beyond the conventional nuclear physics” This part is undergoing…

  14. Summary • Kaonic nuclei have interesting properties! The AMD study with AY KN interaction showed … • K- is deeply bound by ～100 MeV • and forms highly dense state. • Strange structures appear in K nuclei. • Drastic change of 8Be structure, • Isovector deformation in 8BeK-, • Proton satellite in pppK-.

  15. Future plans • Study K nuclei from the viewpoint of quarks Collaborate with Y. Kanada-En’yo and O. Morimatsu - - - Λ(1405) = qqq-qq, ppK- = 7qq, ppnK- = 10qq (undeca-quarks state) • Study more various K nuclei Many experiments will start, or started. • T. Suzuki, Iwasaki et al; 4He(stopped K-, n or p) @ KEK • Fujioka, Nagae et al; ppK- @ DAΦNE • Kishimoto et al; 16O(inflight K-, n) 15OK- @BNL • Herrmann et al; Invariant-mass method (heavy-ion collision) @ GSI • K. Suzuki et al; proton induced reaction @ GSI • J-PARC • Other type of KN interaction? I=1 p-wave KN interaction… suggested by S. Wycech et al. nucl-th/0501019 Collaborate with W. Weise • Apply our wave function to the study of reaction Dense or not?(S. Hirenzaki and J. Yamagata) • Double K nuclei?

  16. Λ（１４０５） KN interaction Chiral symmetry restoration Kaonic atom Kaon condensation Cold and Dense Interesting structure … Nuclear structure (Strange) Quark matter K nuclei…Exotic system ! Kaonic nucleus … related to various fields!!

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