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RBL371 (Lecture 1) - Introduction to Practical Research

Introduction to Practical Research

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RBL371 (Lecture 1) - Introduction to Practical Research

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  1. RBL371 BUILDING SURVEYING STUDIES Introduction to Practical Research Sr Dr. Md Azree Othuman Mydin School of Housing, Building & Planning Univerisiti Sains Malaysia

  2. Sylibus RBL371 * L = lecture , A = student activity in class , P = powerpoint presentation , S = submission

  3. Outline of lecture • Why we do research, the objectives and significance? • Research Methodology and the benefits • Research Methods Paradigm • Qualitative vs Quantitative Research Differences • Types of Quantitative and Qualitative Methods

  4. What makes you to do research? • get a research degree • face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems • get intellectual joy • desire to be of service to society • get respectability

  5. Objectives of research? RESEARCH OBJECTIVE Gain familiarity with phenomenon or achieve a new insights Portray the characteristics of individual, situation or group Determine the frequency with which something occurs Test a hypothesis of a casual relationship between variables exploratory research studies descriptive research studies diagnostic research studies hypothesis-testing research studies

  6. Significance of research? RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE Student Phd / Master / Degree Professionals in research methodology Philosophers and Thinkers Analysts And Intellectuals a source of livelihood outlet for new ideas and insights hypothesis-testing research studies careerism / way to get high position

  7. The 5 ‘Ws’ • What is your research? • Why do you want to do the research? • Who will be your participants? • Where are you going to conduct your research? • When are you going to do your research?

  8. Research Methodology - Term “The way in which the data is collected for the research project” • Science of studying how research is done • Systematically solve research problem • Understand process

  9. Methodology? The ‘How, Why and What?’ Chapter

  10. Structure of thesis/dissertation ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION LITERATURE REVIEW THEORY / METHODOLOGY ANALYSIS / FINDINGS DISCUSSION / INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION / IMPLICATIONS REFERENCES / APPENDIX

  11. Research Methods Paradigm “A broad framework of perception, understanding, belief within which theories and practices operate” RESEARCH PARADIGM Quantitative research Qualitative research Positivist Paradigm Interpretivist Paradigm Explore Explain Verification Discovery

  12. Qualitative versus Quantitative Two Approaches to Research Quantitative • inquiry into an identified problem • based on testing a theory • measured with numbers • analyzed using statistical techniques Qualitative • Emphasizes natural settings, observations, verbal narratives, and interpretations • Emerged from sociology • holistic • picture of the phenomenon of interest

  13. Qualitative versus Quantitative Purpose/ Aim / Goal Quali: To understand & interpret social interactions. Quanti: To test hypotheses, look at cause & effect, & make predictions.

  14. Qualitative versus Quantitative Approach Quali: subjective in approach as it seeks to understand human behavior and reasons that govern such behavior Quanti: tend to remain objectively separated from the subject matter

  15. Qualitative versus Quantitative Group Studied Quali: Smaller & not randomly selected. Quanti: Larger & randomly selected.

  16. Qualitative versus Quantitative Variables Quali: Study of the whole, not variables. Quanti: Specific variables studied

  17. Qualitative versus Quantitative Data Gathering Instrument Quali: in-depth interviews, structures and non-structured interviews, focus groups, content or documentary analysis & participant observation Quanti: use of tools such as questionnaires, surveys and other equipment to collect numerical or measurable data.

  18. Qualitative versus Quantitative Type of Data Quali: Words, images, or objects. Quanti: Numbers and statistics.

  19. Qualitative versus Quantitative Forms of Data Collected Quali: Qualitative data such as open - ended responses, interviews, participant observations, field notes, & reflections. Quanti: Quantitative data based on precise measurements using structured & validated data-collection instruments.

  20. Qualitative versus Quantitative Outcome Quali: Particular or specialized findings that is less generalizable. Quanti: Generalizable findings that can be applied

  21. Qualitative versus Quantitative What are the type of questions asked? Quali: Why? How? In What Way? Quanti: How much? How many? How often? To what extent?

  22. Qualitative versus Quantitative How are the questions are put (methods)? Quali: Document review, Participant observations, Interviews, Focus group, Workshops Quanti: Application forms, Tests, Questionnaires, Measurements

  23. Types of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods

  24. Quantitative Research Types of Quantitative Methods Experiments Quasi-experiments Surveys random assignment of subjects to experimental conditions and the use of experimental controls share almost all the features of experimental designs except that they involve non-randomized assignment of subjects cross-sectional and longitudinal studies using questionnaires or interviews for data collection with the intent of estimating the characteristics Types of Quantitative Methods

  25. Qualitative Research Types of Qualitative Methods Types of Qualitative Methods Phenomenology Case Study Grounded Theory Ethnography Historiography how one or more individuals experience a phenomenon detailed account of one or more cases generating a theory from the collected data focuses on describing the culture of a group of people describing about events that occurred in the past

  26. What do quantitative researchers worry about? I really spend a lot of time wondering how to measure things. I want to know what causes something else. I want to make sure others can repeat my findings. I wonder how small patterns generalize to big patterns.

  27. Assumptions of quantitative sampling We want to simplify to the population (survey / experiment) Random events are predictable. We can compare random events to our results. Therefore… Probability sampling is the best approach.

  28. What do qualitative researchers worry about? I want to describe the context in a lot of detail. I really want my research approach to be flexible and able to change. I want to see the world through the eyes of my respondents. I want to show how changes occur. I’m interested in how things come to be.

  29. Assumptions of qualitative sampling Social actors are not predictable like objects. Randomized events are irrelevant to social life. Probability sampling is expensive and inefficient. Therefore… Non-probability sampling is the best approach.

  30. Activity (3%) • Divide into 4 groups and each student should come out with one page brainstorming sketches regarding their research consists of: • Proposed research title • What are the objectives of research? • What your research is all about? • Why do you want to do this research? • What is the significant of your proposed research? • Who will be your participants? • Where are you going to conduct this research?

  31. Thank you Any questions please contact me: azree@usm.my E49 / Room 113, School of HBPUSM 11800 Penang, MalaysiaTel : 604-6532813

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