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This article explores the intricacies of data link layer encoding, focusing on Non-Zero Return Encoding. It explains how sender and receiver synchronize through clock cycles, addressing issues such as clock drift during periods of consecutive ones or zeros. Techniques such as Manchester Encoding and 4b/5b Encoding are highlighted as solutions to ensure accurate signal interpretation. The importance of defining boundaries in signal transmission to decode binary values correctly is also discussed, providing a comprehensive overview of effective encoding methods in network architecture.
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Data Link Layer Part I: Encoding
Network Architecture message segment packet frame signal
The Sine Wave f(t) = Asin(B*t + C) A – amplitude B – frequency C – phase shift
Non-Zero Return EncodingReceiver Gets: How many ones here? How many zeros here? Receiver does not know period/wavelength... Receiver can’t decode consecutive 1s or 0s
Non-Zero Return EncodingReceiver Solution -> Clock Receiver Receiver has a clock. One clock cycle = square wave period. Boundaries allow us to decode 1s and 0s. ? How do we determine clock cycle ? How do we keep clock cycle synchronized with square wave signal
Non-Zero Return EncodingReceiver Solution -> Clock End/Start Cycle End/Start Cycle End/Start Cycle End/Start Cycle Receiver • Sender/receiver know the clock cycle period. • Receiver uses square wave TRANSISTIONS to keep clock cycles • synchronized with square wave. • PROBLEM: Clock drift can occur over long period of consecutive 1s or 0s.
