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Introduction to Biochemistry

Introduction to Biochemistry . Inorganic Molecules. Molecules that CANNOT be produced by organisms. A. Water (H 2 0) 65-95% of the weight of an organism. Very good solvent ( polar ). Source of hydrogen and oxygen . B. Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Used by plants for photosynthesis .

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Introduction to Biochemistry

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  1. Introduction to Biochemistry

  2. Inorganic Molecules • Molecules that CANNOT be produced by organisms. A. Water (H20) • 65-95% of the weight of an organism. • Very good solvent (polar). • Source of hydrogen and oxygen.

  3. B. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • Used by plants for photosynthesis. • Source of carbon for organic molecules. C. Oxygen (O2) • 21% of air • Needed for respiration (breakdown of food to release energy).

  4. Organic Molecules • Molecules that CAN be produced by organisms. • Hydrocarbons: molecules with carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. • Carbon is very unique! It has up to 4 bonding sites. • Able to form single, double, or triple bonds. • Lots of possibilities!

  5. Major Classes of Organic Molecules • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  6. Organic Terms Isomer: molecules with the same number and types of atoms, but different structures. Example 2: Fructose and Glucose Example 1: Butane and Methyl Propane • C6H12O6 C4H10

  7. Organic Terms • Polymer: Very large molecules made up of a repeating subunits. • Freight train made of many cars (subunits). • Strand of pearls. • Monomers: subunits that build a polymer. • Individual train car. • Single pearl.

  8. Learning Target: • Describe how polymers are built and broken down.

  9. How do monomers join to form polymers? Dehydration Synthesis: Process of removing water (“dehydrate”) to make a large molecule (“synthesize”). • This process can be repeated several times as each monomer is added to form a polymer. • Likewise, polymers can be broken down into monomers by a reverse process. H20

  10. H2O Monomer Monomer Monomer OH H H OH Monomer Monomer OH H Monomer Monomer Monomer Monomer OH H H H OH OH How can monomers be formed from polymers? (How are polymers broken down?) Hydrolysis: Addition of water (“hydro”) to split apart a polymer (“lysis”). H2O

  11. Dehydration Synthesis monomer + monomer + E polymer + H2O reactants products + + E

  12. Let’s Review! • What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules? • What is a monomer? • What is an isomer? • What is a polymer? • What is dehydration synthesis? • What is hydrolysis?

  13. Vocabulary • Biochemistry • Inorganic molecules • Organic molecules • Hydrocarbons • Isomer • Polymer • Monomer • Dehydration Synthesis • Hydrolysis

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