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Overview of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery: A Cost-Effective Treatment for Brain Tumors

Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a non-invasive radiation treatment primarily used for treating brain tumors, vascular malformations, and other head abnormalities. Developed in the 1960s, the Leksell Gamma Knife delivers targeted radiation beams to abnormal cells, preserving healthy tissue. This effective method typically requires no incisions and allows patients to resume normal activities within a day. A case study illustrates its success in treating acoustic neuroma, with significant reduction in tumor size. GKRS offers a favorable cost-benefit ratio compared to traditional open surgery.

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Overview of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery: A Cost-Effective Treatment for Brain Tumors

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  1. Gamma Knife Radiosurgery By: Tou Hmong Khang Biomedical Engineering BME 281 Section 1

  2. Background • Also known as Stereotactic Radiosurgery • Type of radiation treatment used commonly for brain tumors and other abnormalities of the head • Investigated in the 1950s by Dr. Borje Larsson and Dr. Lars Leksell • First Gamma Knife device constructed in 1967 • Requires no incisions

  3. Leksell Gamma Knife Perfexion

  4. Device Operation • Focuses and delivers 192 beams to target tumor/lesion etc. • Collimator • 4mm, 8mm and 16mm • Radiation only distorts and destroys abnormal cells • Long term affect

  5. Collimator

  6. What it looks likes

  7. General Procedures • Head Frame • Imaging • Treatment Planning • Treat

  8. Post Treatment • On average with in about a day • Back to normal activities • Receive Follow up appointments with Doctor

  9. Case Study: Acoustic Neuroma • 75-year-old woman • Left-sided tinnitus and progressive sensorineural hearing loss • MRI scans revealed 2.7 cc left-sided enhancing mass • Acoustic Neuroma

  10. Before and After Results • Treatment delivered in less than 1 hour • Returned to normal activities later that day • Semi-annual follow-up • Improvement of tinnitus, functional hearing in left ear • After three years, MRI reveals 0.5 cc residual mass • Greater than 80% reduction in size

  11. Cost of GKRS • GKRS vs Open Surgery • Across 3 years • Average 12 month cost of Open surgery • Brain metastases - $55,938 • Acoustic Neuroma - $67,538 • Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM) - $78,332 • Average 12 month cost of GKRS • Brain metastases - $23,069 • Acoustic Neuroma - $37,840 • Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM) - $46,293

  12. Disadvantages • Small risk of advertise radiation affects(2-4%) resulting in swelling • Common Early Complications • Rare Early Complications • Rare Delayed Complications • Long term affects not ideal for immediate affects

  13. Conclusion • Cost effective • Better alternative to open surgery • Possible whole body Gamma Knife Radiosurgery implementation

  14. References • [1] Gamma Knife Overview. (2015, November 16). <http://www.beaumontgammaknife.org/overview.html> • [2] Gamma Knife Sugery: Pros and Cons. (2015, November 16). <http://www.odec.ca/projects/2006/cham6m2/prosandcons.html> • [3] Caruso, JP, Moosa, S, Fezeu, F, Ramesh, A, Sheehan, JP. (2015, November 16). A cost comparative study of Gamma Knife radiosurgery versus open surgery for intracranial pathology. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25444994> • [4]Taban, A. (2015, November 14). A gamma knifre case study: Acoustic Neuroma. <http://drashertaban.com/services-case-studies.php> • [5] Gamma Knifre Radiosurgery. (2015, November 14). <http://www.columbianeurosurgery.org/conditions/gamma-knife-radiosurgery/> • [6]Niranjan, A. (2015, November 14). Gamma Knife Radiosurgery: Current Technique. <http://www.wfns.org/pages/read_the_reviews/97.php?rid=52> • [7] The Gamma Knifre: A Technical Overview. (2015, November 14). <http://www.medicine.virginia.edu/clinical/departments/neurosurgery/gammaknife/overview-page> • [8] MayoClinic: Brain Stereotactic radiosurgery. (2015, November 14). <http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/brain-stereotactic-radiosurgery/basics/definition/prc-20014760> • [9] RWJ University Hospital. (2015, November 16). Gamma Knife. <http://www.rwjuh.edu/gamma-knife/gamma-knife-center.aspx>

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