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Pre-service Education on FP and AYSRH

Pre-service Education on FP and AYSRH. Session I Topic 1 Concepts of Family Planning. Concepts of Family Planning, Session I Topic 1 Slide 1. Defining Contraception and Family Planning. What is the definition of contraception?

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Pre-service Education on FP and AYSRH

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  1. Pre-service Education on FP and AYSRH Session I Topic 1 Concepts of Family Planning Concepts of Family Planning, Session I Topic 1 Slide 1

  2. Defining Contraception and Family Planning What is the definition of contraception? Contraception is the intentional prevention of pregnancy by artificial or natural means. What is the definition of family planning? Family planning allows individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their desired number of children and the spacing and timing of their births. It is achieved through use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of involuntary infertility. – World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Health and Research Concepts of Family Planning, Session I Topic 1 Slide 2

  3. Women with an Increased Risk of Having Problems During Pregnancy and Delivery Women who: Are under the age of 18, or over age 35 Become pregnant less than 2 years after a previous live birth Become pregnant less than six months post-abortion or post-miscarriage Have too many children (high parity) Have certain existing health problems Do not have access to skilled health care Problems are more likely in those with multiple risk factors. Concepts of Family Planning, Session I Topic 1 Slide 3

  4. Pregnancy Is Greater Risk for Adolescents Over 70,000 maternal deaths occur among adolescents aged 15–19 each year Girls below the age of 15 are five times more likely to die in childbirth than women in their twenties Adolescents are more likely to: Have pregnancy related complications Deliver prematurely Have babies that die before their first birthday About 3 million young women aged 15-19 have an unsafe abortion in the developing world each year Sources: Advocates for Youth, 2007; UNICEF, 2008; Guttmacher, 2009, WHO 2014 Concepts of Family Planning, Session I Topic 1 Slide 4

  5. Pregnancy Is Greater Risk for Women with Pregnancies Spaced Too Closely Women who become pregnant less than 2 years after a previous live birth are more likely to: Become sick or die from pregnancy and delivery complications Have babies at risk of prematurity, low birth weight, small size for gestational age, fetal and neonatal death Women who become pregnant less than 6 months postabortion or miscarriage may be at increased risk of complications for mother and child Source: WHO, 2006; Conde-Agudelo, 2006; Rutstein , 2005; Conde-Agudelo, 2005. Concepts of Family Planning, Session I Topic 1 Slide 5

  6. Pregnancy Is Greater Risk for Women Over the Age of 35 Women over age 35 are: At least twice as likely to die in pregnancy or childbirth than women aged 20–24 More likely to have problems during pregnancy such as miscarriage, hypertension, or diabetes More likely to give birth to small babies, babies with disabilities, or stillborn babies Source: Stover, 2010; WHO, 1995. Concepts of Family Planning, Session I Topic 1 Slide 6

  7. Pregnancy Is Greater Risk for Women of High Parity Women with more than four children who have an additional pregnancy are more likely to: Die during pregnancy or childbirth Have anemia, experience blood loss (post partum hemorrhage), and need transfusions Develop complications such as uterine relaxation (during and after delivery) and uterine rupture Source: WHO, 1995. Concepts of Family Planning, Session I Topic 1 Slide 7

  8. Pregnancy Is Greater Risk for Women with Certain Existing Health Problems Health risks associated with pregnancy make effective contraception especially important for women with these conditions: Reproductive tract cancers and some infections Serious cardiovascular problems Diabetes with vascular complications Sickle cell anemia Serious liver conditions Infections such as schistosomiasis, TB, and HIV Source: Global Handbook, updated 2011. Concepts of Family Planning, Session I Topic 1 Slide 8

  9. Benefits of FP for All Women • Lower risk of maternal death • Lower risk of anemia, poor pregnancy outcomes and complications, and complications related to miscarriage or unsafe abortion • Non-contraceptive benefits from some methods such as protection from: • Disease transmission/acquisition • Certain cancers and other gynecological problems • Improved educational and economic opportunities Tailor messages to best serve needs of clients. Source: Lloyd, 2008; Wilcher, 2008. Concepts of Family Planning, Session I Topic 1 Slide 9

  10. Benefits of FP for Children • Longer breastfeeding: • Provides nutrition • Protects from childhood diseases • Improves mother/child bonding • Reduces child illness and death • Allows more time and resources for parents to meet the needs of each child Source: Rutstein, 2005; Demographic and Health Surveys, various years. Concepts of Family Planning, Session I Topic 1 Slide 10

  11. Benefits of FP for Families and Communities • Families can devote more resources to providing for each child • Reduced maternal and child illness reduces economic strain on family • Reduced maternal deaths strengthen families and communities • Relieves economic, social, and environmental pressures • Enhances women’s status and promotes equality between men and women Concepts of Family Planning, Session I Topic 1 Slide 11

  12. Benefits of FP for People Living with HIV Experience same benefits as others Additional benefits include: Reduction in number of childrenborn HIV-positive (by reducing number of unintended pregnancies) Reduction in number of children born who could become orphans _ Couples can use family planning until they are ready to get pregnant Concepts of Family Planning, Session I Topic 1 Slide 12

  13. Key Timing, Spacing, and Limiting Messages to Share with Clients Women and infants may get sick or die if a pregnancy happens: Too early among adolescents  delay first pregnancy until 18 years Too soon after giving birth  wait at least 24 months before trying to become pregnant Too soon after an abortion or miscarriage  delay trying to become pregnant at least 6 months Too late in a woman’s life  plan prior to age 35 After having four children  risks increase with each pregnancy Concepts of Family Planning, Session I Topic 1 Slide 13 Source: WHO 1995; ESD, 2008.

  14. Family Planning and Human Rights All individuals and couples have the right: “…to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information, education, and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health...” – ICPD Programme of Action Concepts of Family Planning, Session I Topic 1 Slide 14 Source: United Nations, 1995.

  15. Improves well-being of families and communities Helps achieve the healthiest outcomes for women and their children Benefits of Providing FP Services Allow women and couples to delay, space, and limit pregnancies FP services are most effective when clients are free to make informed choices. Concepts of Family Planning, Session I Topic 1 Slide 15

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