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KEY ISSUES in WRITING THE CONSTITUTION The framers had to address the following: EQUALITY

KEY ISSUES in WRITING THE CONSTITUTION The framers had to address the following: EQUALITY “All men are created equal” - How should representation of “We the People” be handled? - Who should be allowed to vote? - What about SLAVERY ?. KEY ISSUES in WRITING THE CONSTITUTION

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KEY ISSUES in WRITING THE CONSTITUTION The framers had to address the following: EQUALITY

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  1. AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  2. KEY ISSUES in WRITING THE CONSTITUTION The framers had to address the following: EQUALITY “All men are created equal” - How should representation of “We the People” be handled? - Who should be allowed to vote? - What about SLAVERY? AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  3. KEY ISSUES in WRITING THE CONSTITUTION The framers had to address the following: LIMITING POWER of THE MAJORITY - Fear of FACTIONS - Worry about “The Rabble” - Separation of Powers - Checks & Balances AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  4. KEY ISSUES in WRITING THE CONSTITUTION The framers had to address the following: ECONOMICS - Under the Articles, Congress had trouble raising money - States had erected tariffs against each other - States’ paper money was often worthless AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  5. KEY ISSUES in WRITING THE CONSTITUTION The framers had to address the following: INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS “Give me liberty or give me death!” - Most believed the structure of government under the Constitution would limit its power to limit personal freedoms - Many believed the States were able to protect individual freedoms AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  6. KEY ISSUES in WRITING THE CONSTITUTION So WHAT did they DO? AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  7. RICHMOND REPRESENTATION and VOTING The Virginia Plan Each state would have representation in the national government based on its population The New Jersey Plan Each state would have equal representation in the national government TRENTON AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  8. HARTFORD REPRESENTATION and VOTING The Connecticut Compromise Have 2 Houses of Congress One with representation of the states by population One with each state having equal representation HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES SENATE AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  9. REPRESENTATION and VOTING Would Slaves be counted to determine the population of States? Would affect # of representatives from each state States with many Slaves States with few Slaves YES! NO! AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  10. REPRESENTATION and VOTING Compromise Count Slaves as 3/5ths of a person AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  11. REPRESENTATION and VOTING Who would get to vote? Franklin wanted all free adult males Others feared giving the vote to “the rabble” Some wanted a property requirement Solution? Left the issue to the States AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  12. THE MADISONIAN MODEL Addresses problem of Factions Keeps most of government beyond the control of a popular majority Voters  Electoral “College”  Voters  State Legislatures  Voters  House of Representatives PRESIDENT SENATE AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  13. THE MADISONIAN MODEL Separation of Powers Each branch (Executive / Legislative / Judicial) has some power Results in shared power . . . Example: - Congress holds power to declare war - President is Commander in Chief of the military AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  14. Senatehas final say THE MADISONIAN MODEL Checks & Balances Examples: House passes a law  Senate passes a law  Congress passes a law  After President vetoes  House has final say President can veto Congress can over-ride AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  15. Federalist Papers RATIFICATION Federalists Favored a strong national government Madison Hamilton Jay AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  16. RATIFICATION Anti-Federalists Preferred simple revision of Articles of Confed. Feared too much central power - Elite control Weakening of the States Loss of individual liberty AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  17. RATIFICATION Bill of Individual Rights? Compromise . . . Not included in original Constitution Agreement to add soon after states ratified AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  18. AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  19. CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE Formal Changes: Proposal Congress can propose an amendment by 2/3vote in House & Senate, OR A National Convention can propose by 2/3 of States Which has never been used? NATIONAL CONVENTION AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  20. CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE Formal Changes: Ratification State Legislatures . . .3/4 required, OR State Conventions . . . 3/4 of States Convention only used once . . . for 21st Amendment REPEALING PROHIBITION AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

  21. REASONS THE CONSTITUTION WAS ESTABLISHED To form a more perfect Union Establish Justice Insure domestic Tranquility Provide for the common defence Promote the General Welfare Secure the Blessings of Liberty AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – The Constitution

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