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The American Experience

The American Experience. Part II. Anti-Semitism: Political. Growing numbers of Jews leads to more Anti-Semitism Political anti-Semitism Henry Ford Dearborn Independent Jews have legal recourse Dearborn Independent sued for libel Ford apologizes. Anti-Semitism: Social.

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The American Experience

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  1. The American Experience Part II

  2. Anti-Semitism: Political • Growing numbers of Jews leads to more Anti-Semitism • Political anti-Semitism • Henry Ford • Dearborn Independent • Jews have legal recourse • Dearborn Independent sued for libel • Ford apologizes

  3. Anti-Semitism: Social • A Gentleman’s Agreement

  4. Anti-Semitism: Jews Respond • Jewish Foundations, fearing anti-Semitism, move Jews out West • Bethlehem Judea Colony (1883) • Established by Russian organization • Agricultural colony with a socialist framework • Galveston Project (1907) • Route Jews to the South instead of the Northeast • Help Jews find Jobs away from the big cities • Projects are not terribly successful, but do help to spread Jews throughout the country

  5. Religious Adaptation: Reform Judaism • Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim • Organ • Prayers reflecting American life • English • Isaac Mayer Wise • Minhag America • Union of American Hebrew Congregations (1873) • Hebrew Union College (1875)

  6. Religious Adaptation:Reform Judaism • Pittsburgh Platform • Basic statement of Reform tenets • Modern science is not antagonistic to Bible • Accept only moral laws as binding • Religion and not a Nation • Reject bodily resurrection • Help fix the world through social justice • Adopted by CCAR in 1889 • Remained until Columbus Platform in 1937

  7. Religious Adaptation:Conservative Judaism • Treife Banquet (1883) • Break with Reform over Kashrut • Solomon Schecter

  8. Religious Adaptation:Orthodox Judaism • Primarily Eastern European • Orthodox Jewish Congregational Union (1898) • Divine revelation • Remain separate • Personal messiah • Nation and religion

  9. Religious Adaptation:Reconstructionist Judaism • Mordecai Kaplan (1881-1983) • Conservative Rabbi • Founder of Reconstructionist Judaism • “American Jews no doubt are more ethnic, or people oriented than religion oriented.” – ethnic oriented religion • Naturalistic conception of God • 3 goals • Interpret Jewish tradition for present day • Fostering of Jewish unity by building Palestine - Zionism • Code of Jewish practice that everyone can know

  10. Jewish Organizations: Goals • Jewish Americans Organized • Motivations: • Jewish Values (Klal Yisrael, Tzedakah) • Main Stream Values (Workers Rights)

  11. Jewish Organizations:Tzedakah • B’nai Brith (1843) • Service organization • 1882 becomes international • Anti-Defamation League (1913) • Part of B’nai Brith • Action against anti-Semitism • American Jewish Conference (1943) • Reps from all major American Jewish orgs • Action to help Jews in Europe & Palestine

  12. Next Week • Continue Reading: • Pages 449-528 in textbook • Preview: • Jews get involved in America’s big issues • Labor Unions • Civil Rights

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