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MEDICAL GASES Manufacture, Storage, Transport + Delivery

MEDICAL GASES Manufacture, Storage, Transport + Delivery. First Year Respiratory Therapy MJC RsCr 220. Composition of the Air. We breathe earth’s atmosphere composed of: Nitrogen (78%) Oxygen (21%) Carbon Dioxide (0.03%) Argon and trace gases (0.93%) Neon, Xenon, Krypton and Deon.

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MEDICAL GASES Manufacture, Storage, Transport + Delivery

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  1. MEDICAL GASESManufacture, Storage, Transport + Delivery First Year Respiratory Therapy MJC RsCr 220

  2. Composition of the Air • We breathe earth’s atmosphere composed of: • Nitrogen (78%) • Oxygen (21%) • Carbon Dioxide (0.03%) • Argon and trace gases (0.93%) • Neon, Xenon, Krypton and Deon RsCr 220

  3. How Oxygen is produced Fractional Distillation Physical Separation Nitrogen Molecular sieve Semi-Permeable membrane

  4. Fractional Distillation Large Manufacturing Facility

  5. Fractional Distillation for liquid O2 RsCr 220

  6. Fractional Distillation • Atmospheric air is filtered of pollutants, carbon dioxide and water • Air is compressed and cooled to a liquid • Then it is slowly heated and the nitrogen boils off. • Liquid oxygen remains RsCr 220

  7. Physical Separation Molecular Sieve Semi-Permeable Plastic Membrane (in the home)

  8. Molecular Sieve • Composed of inorganic sodium aluminum silicate pellets • These pellets absorb the nitrogen and water vapor from the air • Produces up to 90% mixture RsCr 220

  9. Oxygen Concentrator RsCr 220

  10. Semipermeable Membrane • Pulls air through membrane • Oxygen passes through faster than nitrogen • Can produce 40% mixture • Good for long-term low flow oxygen RsCr 220

  11. Oxygen concentrator–Semi-permeable membrane RsCr 220

  12. Physical Separators • Will produce concentrations for nasal cannula but only at low flows • Used in oxygen concentrators IN THE HOME RsCr 220

  13. Home Concentrator RsCr 220

  14. Medical Gases Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Helium, Nitrous Oxide, Nitric Oxide, Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide

  15. Properties of Common Gases • Chemical symbol • Molecular weight • Color, odor, taste • Physical state • Critical temperature, boiling point • Combustion characteristics RsCr 220

  16. Oxygen • 02 • Molecular Weight 32 • Colorless, odorless, tasteless • Slightly heavier than air • Density of 1.29 g/L • Nonflammable but supports combustion RsCr 220

  17. Compressed Air • Is the same mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and argon. • Is piped in to all modern hospitals • Used to power pneumatically powered equipment • Some situations (patients are C02 retainers) when oxygen is contraindicated RsCr 220

  18. Carbon Dioxide • C02 • Colorless and Odorless • Does not support combustion • Used in fire extinguishers • More soluble in liquids than oxygen • Easier transporting in blood then oxygen • Used to treat hiccups (singulation) RsCr 220

  19. Helium • He • Odorless, tasteless, non-flammable • Second lightest of gases • Combined with oxygen (heliox) to reduce work of breathing with swollen upper airways RsCr 220

  20. Nitrous Oxide • N20 • Nonflammable but supports combustion • Used as an anesthesia in OR (laughing gas) • Always mixed with oxygen (Entonox) and other anesthesia agents RsCr 220

  21. Nitric Oxide • N0 • Is nonflammable but supports combustion • Used experimentally in low concentrations (ppm) for pulmonary vasodilation • Recently has had excellent results with premature babies RsCr 220

  22. Nitrogen • N2 • Used as lab gas (liquid) for freezing tissue RsCr 220

  23. Carbon Monoxide • CO • Used in Pulmonary Function Lab • Very diffusible – used to test how easily gas will pass through the lung membranes RsCr 220

  24. Cyclopropane • Strictly an anesthesia gas RsCr 220

  25. Ethylene Oxide • Used to gas sterilize medical equipment • Useful for equipment that can’t handle high temperatures or immersion in water RsCr 220

  26. Oxygen Storage Tanks – Liquid Tanks - Gas

  27. Tank Sizes and Capacities Large Cylinders Small Cylinders

  28. Oxygen Tank Sizes RsCr 220

  29. H Cylinders • 2200 psi • A.S.S.S safety system • Threaded connection • Need to be safety chained and in a secured dolly for moving RsCr 220

  30. E Cylinders • Small and lightweight (15 pounds) • PISS – Pin Index • Yoke connection RsCr 220

  31. Types and colors of cylinders • Air - Yellow • Oxygen - Green – Int’l (White) • Helium - Brown • CO2 - Grey • Nitrogen - Black • Nitrous Oxide-Blue Do NOT trust the color of the tank as sole indicator of it’s contents RsCr 220

  32. Labels – The only sure way RsCr 220

  33. Other Oxygen Tank Markings RsCr 220

  34. Regulation of cylinders D.O.T O.S.H.A. F.D.A. B.M.D.

  35. Recommending Agencies • C.G.A. • N.F. P.A. • A.N.S.I. • I.S.O RsCr 220

  36. Bulk Supply Systems Liquid Oxygen

  37. Bulk Oxygen Systems • Large capacity • Liquid oxygen • Small system (or back up) • Nitrous Oxide • Bank of H cylinders RsCr 220

  38. Large Oxygen Supply System RsCr 220

  39. Small Bank of Cylinders RsCr 220

  40. Liquid vs Gas • Insulated – Liquid • Solid metal - Gas • Large continuous demand – Liquid • Small portable – Liquid or tank • Tanks act differently if they contain gas or liquid • No accurate gauge on liquid tank content RsCr 220

  41. Go figure RsCr 220

  42. Liquid Oxygen • Constantly losing oxygen despite insulation • Needs pressure and insulation for cold temperature (-118oC) • Low pressure (200 psi) • Large system has vaporizers fins to help with heat transfer when liquid turns to gas (frozen year round) • Small system is great for mall shopping RsCr 220

  43. Bulk Liquid Oxygen supply RsCr 220

  44. Bulk OxygenSupply System RsCr 220

  45. Home LiquidOxygen RsCr 220

  46. Low Pressure Safety Systems Diameter Index Safety System Quick Connect

  47. Wall (low pressure) systems • D.I.S.S. • 50 P.S.I • The MJC lab has these • Quick connect • A newer “better system” RsCr 220

  48. DISS (and Dat) RsCr 220

  49. DISS Wall Outlet RsCr 220

  50. Different Quick Connects RsCr 220

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